Very Computer

        eg. user=me;awk '{ print $1, ${user} }' .rhosts

        I know there is a way but be beggered if I can remember it or find it.

        Heres hoping .....Ta.....MarkC.....

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Yes.  At least two different ways, in fact.

|>   eg. user=me;awk '{ print $1, ${user} }' .rhosts

This doesn't work, simply because shell variable substitution does not take
place inside single quotes.  That is, after all, *why* you are using the
single quotes -- to prevent the '$' character from being interpreted as the
sign of an impending shell variable name, so that you can use it in awk
expressions.

The command above would work if you did:

        user=me; awk '{print $1, '"$user"' }' .rhosts

The double quotes around $user are not strictly necessary, because it's
probably going to be only one word long and not contain any special shell
characters, but I put them there because you may at some point may want to
feed a variable with spaces and/or special characters into awk.

The other way to pass values in is to use a often undocumented feature of awk:

        awk '{print $1, user }' user="$user" .rhosts

In addition to being undocumented, this feature is sometimes inconsistent on
different versions of awk -- some versions will define the values you specify
before the BEGIN block is executed, and some won't define the values until
after BEGIN.

Note, further, that when you specify a variable setting as a "fake file name"
as I've indicated above, awk (or, at least, some versions of it) won't
automatically read from stdin if no real files are specified, so you need to
add a "-" argument to the end of your command if you want awk to read stdin.

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As s.desmarais pointed out in his posting, this is wrong, because quotes are
needed around the username inside the awk program.  This should read:

        user=me; awk '{print $1, "'"$user"'" }' .rhosts

--
Jonathan Kamens                               USnail:
MIT Project Athena                              11 Ashford Terrace

Office: 617-253-8085                          Home: 617-782-0710

        user=me ; awk '{ print $1, "'${user}'" }' .rhosts
                      ^-------------^^-----^^---^
                                   ^-- this double-quote is needed because
                 you want to print the string "me", not the awk variable me.

What this does is get out of the quote mode just long enough to get
back to the shell, access the value, and go back to quote mode.
By the way, it the ${user} variable contains spaces or some other
special characters, you would need to enclose it in "":

        user=me ; awk '{ print $1, "'"${user}"'" }' .rhosts
                      ^-------------^^-------^^---^

The other way is:

        user=me ; awk '{ print $1, awkuser }' awkuser=${user} .rhosts

This initializes the variable "awkuser" as if it would be in a BEGIN.

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awk '{ print $1, x }' x=me .rhosts

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try awk '{print $1, '${user}' }' .rhosts

always happy to help a good customer like Telecom Australia.

Michael Salmon
not speaking but working for
Ericsson Telecom AB
Stockholm

Quote:>Hi,
>    Is there any way to embed sh environment variables in an awk script??

>    eg. user=me;awk '{ print $1, ${user} }' .rhosts

>    I know there is a way but be beggered if I can remember it or find it.

>    Heres hoping .....Ta.....MarkC.....

        :
        # Sample sh or ksh script passing the variable $me
        # into an awk or nawk script

        user=me

        awk '{print $1, user}' user="$user" .rhosts

...Kris
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