by Introduction
============
The first public release of bash-2.05a is now available with the URLs
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-2.05a.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-2.05a.tar.gz
and from the usual GNU mirror sites.
This tar file does not include the formatted documentation
(postscript, dvi, html, and nroffed versions of the manual pages);
that may be retrieved with the URLs
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-2.05a.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-2.05a.tar.gz
When unpacking the documentation, make sure to extract the tar file
in the bash-2.05a source directory.
Diffs from bash-2.05 are available with the URLs
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-2.05-2.05a.diff.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-2.05-2.05a.diff.gz
Make sure to apply the diffs using `patch -p1' from within a
bash-2.05 source directory.
Please use `bashbug' to report bugs with this version. It is built
and installed at the same time as bash.
Installation
============
Please read the README file first.
Installation instructions are provided in the INSTALL file.
New Features
============
This is primarily a bug fix release (as are all odd-numbered releases).
The raison d'etre for bash-2.05a is to make an intermediate release
containing principally bug fixes (some very good work was done and
contributed after bash-2.05 was released) available before I start to
work on the major new features to be available in the next release
(bash-2.06 or bash-3.0 or whatever I tag it). As such, there are
only a few relatively minor new features.
Read the file NEWS in the bash-2.05a distribution for a complete description
of the (few) new features. Here is a short list:
o The `printf' builtin has undergone major work
o There is a new read-only `shopt' option: login_shell, which is set by
login shells and unset otherwise
o New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expanding to time in 24-hour
HH:MM format
o New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; goes group name
completion
o New [+-]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup
o ksh-like `ERR' trap
o `for' loops now allow empty word lists after the `in' reserved word
o new `hard' and `soft' arguments for the `ulimit' builtin
o Readline can be configured to place the user at the same point on the line
when retrieving commands from the history list
o Readline can be configured to skip `hidden' files (filenames with a leading
`.' on Unix) when performing completion
Changes have been made to the Readline library being released at
the same time as bash-2.05a, readline-4.2a, so that Bash can be
linked against an already-installed Readline library rather than
the private version in lib/readline. Only readline-4.2 and later
versions are able to provide all of the symbols that bash-2.05a
requires; earlier versions of the Readline library will not work
correctly.
A complete list of changes between bash-2.05 and bash-2.05a is
available in the file CHANGES; the relevant portions are appended.
Readline
========
Also available is a new release of the standalone readline library,
version 4.2a, with its own configuration scripts and Makefiles.
It can be retrieved with the URLs
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/readline-4.2a.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/readline/readline-4.2a.tar.gz
and from the usual GNU mirror sites.
Diffs from readline-4.2 are available with the URLs
ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/readline-4.2-4.2a.diff.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/readline/readline-4.2-4.2a.diff.gz
Make sure to install the patches using `patch -p1 < patch-file' from
within a readline-4.2 source directory.
The formatted Readline documentation is included in the readline
distribution tar file.
A separate announcement listing the changes in Readline is being
distributed.
As always, thanks for your help.
Chet
+========== CHANGES ==========+
This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-release,
and the previous version, bash-2.05a-rc1.
1. Changes to Bash
a. Fixed the `printf' builtin so that the variable name supplied as an
argument to a %n conversion must be a valid shell identifier.
b. Improved the random number generator slightly.
c. Changes to configuration to not put -I/usr/include into $CFLAGS, since
it messes up some includes.
d. Corrected description of POSIXLY_CORRECT in man page and info manual.
e. Fixed a couple of cases of incorrect function prototypes that sneaked
through and caused compilation problems.
f. A few changes to avoid potential core dumps in the programmable completion
code.
g. Fixed a configure problem that could cause a non-existent file to show
up in LIBOBJS.
h. Fixed a configure problem that could cause siglist.o to not be built when
required.
i. Changes to the strtoimax and strtoumax replacement functions to work
around buggy compilers.
j. Fixed a problem with the snprintf replacement function that could
potentially cause a core dump.
2. Changes to Readline
a. Fixed a locale-specific problem in the vi-mode `goto mark' command.
b. Fixed Makefile to not put -I/usr/include into CFLAGS, since it can cause
include file problems.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed the snprintf replacement to correctly implement the `alternate form' b. Fixed snprintf to correctly handle the optional precision with the %g and c. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to correct the values of `@' and `_' d. New library functions for formatting long and long long ints. e. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred, f. Fixed a few places that assumed a pid_t was no wider than an int. g. Fixed the `maildir' mail checking code to work on systems where a h. Fixed snprintf to make `unsigned long long' conversion formats (%llu) i. Fixed snprintf to not print a sign when asked to do an unsigned conversion. j. Made configure changes to avoid compiling empty source files in lib/sh. k. New replacement functions (if necessary) for strtoull, strtoll, strtoimax, l. The `printf' builtin now handles the `ll' and `j' length modifiers m. Renamed a number of the bash-specific autoconf macros in aclocal.m4 to n. Fixed snprintf to handle long doubles and the %a/%A conversions by o. Fixed return value from vsnprintf/snprintf to be the number of characters p. Bash no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype macros q. Changed the variable printing code (used by `set', `export', etc.) to r. snprintf now recognizes the %F conversion. s. Fixed a bug that could cause the wrong status to be returned by a shell t. When in posix mode, the default value for MAILCHECK is 600. u. Bash only initializes FUNCNAME, GROUPS, and DIRSTACK as special variables v. If SECONDS appears in the initial environment with a valid integer value, w. Bash no longer auto-exports HOME, PATH, SHELL, or TERM, even though it x. Bash no longer auto-exports HOSTNAME, HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, or OSTYPE, y. Bash no longer removes the export attribute from SSH_CLIENT or SSH2_CLIENT z. Bash no longer attempts to discover if it's being run by sshd in order to aa. Fixed a typo in the code that tests for LC_NUMERIC. bb. The POSIXLY_CORRECT shell variable and its effects are now documented. cc. Some changes to several of the support shell scripts included in the dd. Several changes to avoid warnings from `gcc -Wall'. ee. Fixed a problem with the `unset' builtin that could cause incorrect ff. A few changes to the shell's temporary file creation code to avoid gg. Fixes to build with the C alloca in lib/malloc/alloca.c if the system hh. Updated the documentation to note that only interactive shells resend ii. Fixes to only pass unquoted tilde words to tilde_expand, rather than jj. Small change from Paul Eggert to make LINENO right in commands run with 2. New Features in Bash a. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're b. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f). c. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The 3. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred. b. Fixed the vi-mode code to use a better method to determine the bounds of c. Fixed the defines in chardefs.h to work better when chars are signed. d. Fixed configure.in to use the new names for bash autoconf macros. e. Readline no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype f. Fixed a problem where rl_backward could possibly set point to before --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug in the evalution of arithmetic `for' statements when the b. Fixed an unassigned variable problem in the redirection printing code. c. Added more prototypes to extern function declarations in the header d. Make sure called functions have a prototype in scope, to get the arguments e. Changed some function arguments to use function typedefs in general.h so f. More const changes to function arguments and appropriate variables. g. Changed the mail checking support to handle `maildir'-style mail h. Augmented the bash malloc to pass in the file and line number information i. The `old' gnu malloc is no longer a configuration option. j. Augmented the bash malloc with optional tracing and registering allocated k. Prompt string decoding now saves and restores the value of $? when it i. Array indices are now `long', since shell arithmetic is performed as long, j. Some more `unsigned char *' fixes from Paul Eggert. k. Fixed a bad call to builtin_error that could cause core dumps when making l. `return' may no longer be used to terminate a `select' command, for m. Changed code that reads octal numbers to do a better job of detecting n. The time formatting code no longer uses absolute indices into a buffer, o. `umask' now prints four digits when printing in octal mode, for p. Lots of changes to the `printf' builtin from Paul Eggert: it handles `L' q. Some `time_t' fixes for machines were a time_t is bigger than a long. r. Replaced some bash-specific autoconf macros with standard equivalents. s. Improvmed the code that constructs temporary filenames to make the t. Added code that checks for ascii before calling any of the is* ctype u. Changed some places where a `char' was used as an array subscript to use v. Lots of changes to the `ulimit' builtin from Paul Eggert to add support w. `ulimit' now prints the description of a resource in any error message x. The `snprintf' replacement now computes maximum values at compile y. Interactive shells now ignore `set -n'. z. Changed the malloc bookkeeping information so that it's now 8 bytes aa. The malloc error reporting code now attempts to print the file and line bb. Changed the redirection error reporting code to catch EBADF errors and cc. `printf', `echo -e', and the $'...' code now process only two hex digits 2. Changes to Readline a. The completion code now attempts to do a better job of preserving the b. Readline defaults to not echoing the input and lets the terminal c. The key binding code now processes only two hex digits after a `\x' 3. New Features in Bash a. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard', b. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular c. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is 4. New Features in Readline a. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Changes to Bash a. Better checks in the redirection code for write errors. b. bashbug now uses $TMPDIR, defaulting to /tmp, and uses mktemp(1) more c. System-specific configuration changes for: Interix, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, d. Some more `const' cleanups through the code. e. Fixed a typo in the /dev/fd redirection code, better checks for valid f. Fixed many parts of the shell to handle integer overflow more gracefully g. Fixed mksignames to include config.h. h. Fixed an uninitialized variable problem that could cause the shell to core i. New mechanism for updating the patch level when official patches are j. configure.in changed to no longer require external files _distribution and k. Fixed non-interactive shell initialization problem when bash started as l. Fixed printf builtin conversion error handling to be POSIX.2-conformant. m. autoconf-2.52 is now used to build configure; autoconf-2.50 or newer is n. Startup files and files read with source or `.' are no longer required to o. Fixed core dump in builtin printf when user-supplied precision or field p. Fixed builtin printf to treat a negative field width as a positive field r. New unwind-protect implementation from Paul Eggert. s. Fixed an inadvertently-unclosed comment in the bash completion code that t. Fixed the process substitution code to cope better when stdin is closed. v. Fixes, mostly from Paul Eggert, for a few possible buffer overflows in w. Fixes from Paul Eggert to avoid most of the type casts in the shell code, x. Command substition no longer inherits the DEBUG trap. y. Some fixes to the process substition code on machines without /dev/fd so z. The loadable `getconf' builtin is now much more complete, and will become aa. The select command no longer terminates on a `return', so it can be used bb. Fixed the extended pattern matching code to behave better when presented cc. Some changes were made with the intent of making cross-compilation easier. dd. The network code (/dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections) uses getaddrinfo(3) ee. Subshells of login shells no longer source ~/.bash_logout when they exit. ff. Fixes so that subshells don't exit inappropriately if the -e option has gg. Restricted shells no longer allow functions to be exported. hh. Changes to the pattern matching code so extended pattern matching works ii. Better error messages when a script with a leading `#!interp' fails jj. Fixed `compgen' to handle the `-o default' option better. kk. Fixed the job control code to force an asynchronous process's standard ll. Fixed a possible infinite recursion problem when `fc ""=abc' (a null mm. Fixed `declare [-a] var=value' to assign VALUE to element 0 if VAR is an nn. Fixed a bug that caused `read -a aname' to work even if ANAME had been oo. Fixed a possible integer overflow problem when constructing names for 2. New Features in Bash a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts, f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format. h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument. j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup. k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default. o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities. p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX 3. Changes to Readline a. More `const' and type casting fixes. b. Changed rl_message() to use vsnprintf(3) (if available) to fix buffer c. The completion code no longer appends a `/' or ` ' to a match when d. Fixed a trivial typo that made the vi-mode `dT' command not work. e. Fixed the tty code so that ^S and ^Q can be inserted with rl_quoted_insert. f. Fixed the tty code so that ^V works more than once. g. Changed the use of __P((...)) for function prototypes to PARAMS((...)) 4. New Features in Readline a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402, c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION. d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a f. The incremental search code remembers the last search string and uses Chet Ramey, CWRU c...@po.CWRU.Edu http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/
This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-rc1,
and the previous version, bash-2.05a-beta1.
of the %g and %G conversions.
%G conversions.
when translating base-64 constants (they were backwards).
mostly as the result of systems using signed characters.
`struct stat' doesn't include an `st_blocks' member.
work better.
strtoumax.
directly, since they can affect the type and width of the argument
passed to printf(3).
have more sytematic naming, with accompanying changes to configure.in.
falling back to sprintf, as long as sprintf supports them.
that would have been printed, even if that number exceeds the buffer
size passed as an argument.
if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
<ctype.h>.
not use the $'...' syntax when in posix mode, since that caused
interoperability problems with other shells (most notably with autoconf).
When not in posix mode, it uses $'...' if the string to be printed
contains non-printing characters and regular single quotes otherwise.
function when the shell is compiled without job control and a null
command containing a command substutition was executed in the function.
if they're not in the initial environment.
bash uses that as the starting value, as if an assignment had been
performed.
gives them default values if they don't appear in the initial environment.
even if it assigns them default values.
if they appear in the initial environment.
run the startup files. If the SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC is uncommented in
config-top.h it will attempt to do so as previously, but that's commented
out in the distributed version.
definitions to try to avoid race conditions and attacks.
results if asked to unset a variable and an array subscript in the
same command.
potential file descriptor leaks and to prefer the system's idea of
the temporary directory to use.
requires it but the shell has been configured --without-bash-malloc.
SIGHUP to all jobs before exiting.
rely on tilde_expand or getpwnam(3) to handle the quotes (MacOS 10.x
will remove backslashes in any login name passed to getpwnam(3)).
`bash -c'.
implemented by printf(3).
corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the
value is assigned.
the array used to hold the marks.
macros if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
<ctype.h>.
the beginning of the line.
This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-beta1,
and the previous version, bash-2.05a-alpha1.
expanded expression is NULL.
files and to static function declarations in C source files.
and return values right instead of casting. Removed extern function
declarations from C source files that were already included in header
files.
the prototypes can be checked. The only use of Function and VFunction
now is for unwind-protects.
directories.
for each malloc, realloc, and free. This should result in better error
messages.
and freed memory.
expands the prompt string, so command substitutions don't change $?.
and the internal arrayind_t type is used consistently.
local variables.
compatibility with ksh.
overflows.
because the buffer size changes depending on the size of a `time_t'.
compatibility with other shells.
formats and long doubles better, and internal functions have been
simpified where appropriate.
generated names a bit more random.
functions.
`unsigned char', since a `char' can be negative if it's signed by default.
for the new POSIX-200x RLIM_SAVED_CUR and RLIM_SAVED_MAX values and
simplify the code.
relating to fetching or setting that resource's limits.
time rather than using huge constants for things like long long.
instead of 12 on most 32-bit machines (saving 4 bytes per allocation),
restoring 8-byte alignment.
number of the call that caused the error.
report the file descriptor number rather than the file being redirected
to or from (e.g., things like `exec 4242<x' where 4242 is an out-of-range
file descriptor).
after a `\x' escape sequence for compatibility with other shells, and
the documentation was changed to note that the octal and hex escape
sequences result in an eight-bit value rather than strict ASCII.
case of the word the user typed if ignoring case in completions.
initialization code enable echoing if there is a controlling terminal.
escape sequence, and the documentation was changed to note that the
octal and hex escape sequences result in an eight-bit value rather
than strict ASCII.
meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft
limit, in addition to `unlimited'
resource when printing more than one limit.
one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively.
code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history
line retrived with previous-history or next-history.
This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-alpha1,
and the previous version, bash-2.05-release.
portably.
MacOS X.
numeric fds in /dev/fd.
and to do more stringent checks for valid numbers.
dump when replacing characters in a string.
released (patchlevel.h).
_patchlevel.
`bash -i filename'.
required. Some of the bash-specific macros were removed, since they are
now standard.
be regular files.
width is 0.
width with left-justification.
caused programmable completions to not add trailing slashes or spaces to
completions.
the shell.
and use more appropriate types for a number of variables.
that named pipes are not removed inappropriately.
part of the shell in the future.
to return from an enclosing function (as ksh does it).
with incorrectly-formed patterns.
if it's available, which adds support for IPv6.
been set.
on systems with deficient shared library implementations, like MacOS X.
to execute because of problems with `interp'.
input to /dev/null only if job control is not active.
pattern) is used to re-execute a previous command.
array variable. Similarly for `declare [-a] var[N]=value'. This is like
ksh93.
declared readonly.
temporary files.
`make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging.
drafts.
ISO C99).
(bash doesn't use very much of what it returns).
but ignored.
shell is a login shell.
completion.
`=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed
to PATH.
whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled.
It is not inherited by shell functions.
given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and
a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX
drafts require.
drafts require.
overflow problems.
completing a symbolic link that resolves to a directory name, unless
the match does not add anything to the word being completed. This
means that a tab will complete the word up to the full name, but not
add anything, and a subsequent tab will add a slash.
because the use of __P in typedefs conflicted g++ and glibc.
public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h).
RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2.
completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default.
`:first-' modifier, like csh.
it if ^R^R is typed without a search string.
--
``The lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne.'' - Chaucer
( ``Discere est Dolere'' -- chet)