Very Computer

Archive-name: comp-sys-sun-faq
Last-modified: 1995/9/18
Version: 1.9.16

Frequently Asked Questions for Comp.sys.sun.admin

Last update Sept 18 1995

This is a collection of common questions posted to the comp.sys.sun.*
hierarchy.

Please send corrections or submissions to "Rob.Mont...@UC.EDU". Mark
the Subject as Sun FAQ. Remember lets make this a better FAQ and
that requires submissions and corrections so if you have
an answer to a nontrival question send it to me.

This FAQ is available from ftp.ece.uc.edu (129.137.8.118)
in the /pub/sun-faq/FAQs. Get the file sun-faq.general. The sun-faq
directory is also available from gopher.ece.uc.edu(129.137.8.118).
Many other related FAQ's are in this directory too.

Other FAQ's that you should check are as follows:

        Sun Hardware FAQ edited by James W. Birdsall <jwbir...@picarefy.com>
        Sun Managers FAQ edited by John DiMarco  <j...@cdf.toronto.edu>
        Solaris2.x FAQ edited by Casper Dik <cas...@fwi.uva.nl>
                An HTML version is available from
                        http://www.fwi.uva.nl/pub/solaris/solaris2.html

        Solaris2.x Porting FAQ by David Meyer <me...@ns.uoregon.edu>
        Celeste's Guide to Terminals & Modems under Solaris 2.x edited
         by Celeste Stokely <cele...@xs.com>

I try to keep these up to date copies of all these files in
        ~ftp/pub/sun-faq/FAQs on ftp.ece.uc.edu (129.137.8.118)

Notes:  As of this writing almost all of these questions apply
        to SunOS versions up to 4.1.4. SunOS 5.x questions
        will start appearing gradually as more people start
        installing SunOS 5.x(Solaris 2.x).

        I am looking for suggestions on how to split this FAQ into
        sections. These sections should follow the comp.sys.sun.*
        newsgroups(app, hardware, admin, misc, and wanted) and
        section on bettering Sun Security. Basically, what
        will end up with is a FAQ on each subject. Each
        FAQ will have a Solaris1.x Section, a Solaris2x section,
        and a section common to both.

        I will probably need some volunteers to help coordinate
        this undertaking.. Send suggestion to the usual address.

        Some of these questions are out of date and need updating
        when I get the time(or maybe a little birdie will do it for
        me) I will update them. Thanks.

This article includes answers to the following questions, which are loosely
grouped into categories. Questions marked with a '+' indicate questions
new to this issue; those with significant changes of content since the
last issue are marked by '!'.

                                Questions

 1)     How to get DNS working when not running NIS ?
 2)!    How to get DNS to be used when running NIS ?
 3)     How to properly setup NFS mounting of /var/spool/mail ?
 4)     Can I use AnswerBook under X11R5?
 5)     What does "NFS write error X" mean?
 6)!    How do I find the amount of memory installed or other
        system configuration information?
 7)     Where can I get a version of ftp that does logging?
 8)     Where can one get SunOS patches? Where can I get patch 10xxxx-xx?
 9)     How to setup Openwindows Calendar Manager in a distributed
        environment?
10)     Why does the talk command fail between SunOS
        and any other manufacturer's equipment (like DEC)?
11)     How do I setup "anonymous" ftp?
12)!    How come yppasswdd does not automatically update the yp maps?
13)     What does NFS getattr failed/RPC: Authentication error mean?
14)     Why did my Quantum 105 megabyte hard disk stop working?
15)     Can I replace the 105 megabyte internal drive with a higher capacity
        model?
16)     How can I turn my Sun3 into an X-Terminal?
17)     Why is my console login prompt garbled or in some strange
        alphabet after upgrading to 4.1.3?
18)     Why are the "random" missing services at boot time or any other time
        (even though the services are in the /etc/services file or NIS map)?
19)!    Where can I get Data Certified tapes for 4-mm or 8-mm tape drives
        (at reasonable price)?
20)     What is "archie"?
21)     How do I synchronize time on my Network?
22)     What is the phone number for Sun Express and other numbers of importance
        to Sun Users?
23)!    How do I join sun related  mailing lists?
24)     How do I use Mac floppies in a SUN drive?
25)     How can I transfer floppies back and forth between MS-DOS and Sparc?
26)     Why is my biff not "biffing" when using biff in a networked
        environment?
27)     How do I disable L1-A(STOP-A) or re-map it?
28)     Why are all the local users "unknown" when using sendmail under 4.1.2?
29)!    What are the dump parameters for an exabyte 8200 or 8500?
30)!    What are the guidelines for setting up swap space ?
31)     What are the general guidelines for maxusers to be set to on machine X?
32)     What does "zsN: silo overflow" mean?
33)     What does the "N" in "zsN: silo overflow", and other "zsN" messages,
        signify?
34)     How do I set up a Sun serial port both for dial-in and dial-out?
35)     I can't get my Sun, running SunOS 4.1[.x], to establish a UUCP
        connection to some non-Sun machine; it won't log in.  What's wrong?
36)!    Do the Sun serial ports support RTS/CTS flow control?
37)     How do I specify that a serial port should, or should not, ignore the
        state of the Carrier Detect line?
38)     I put in a new "termcap" entry, or updated an existing "termcap" entry,
        for a terminal, but "vi" doesn't seem to know about my change.  Why?
39)     I have a Type 5 keyboard, and find its placement of the Caps Lock,
        Control, and Esc keys inconvenient.  How do I remedy this?
40)     How can I move keys around on a Sun keyboard, for example exchanging the
        Caps Lock and Control keys on a Type 5 keyboard?
41)     My Sun doesn't have an ANSI C compiler.  How can I get one?
42)     How do I change the time zone setting on my machine?
43)     I'm getting messages that say one of the following:
                proc: table is full     and/or
                file: table is full     and/or
                dquot: table is full    and/or
                inode: table is full
        What do these errors mean, and how do I fix the problem?
44)     Blank at present.
45)!    How do I run X11R5 applications under Openwindows or Openwindows
        applications under X11R5?
46)     Where do I find a "restricted" shell for SunOS?
47)!    Will SunOS 4.1.x binaries run under SunOS 5.x?
48)     When I try to compile MITs X11R4 applications under Openwindows 3.0,
        I get the following "undefined" symbols(_get_wmShellWidgetClass, and
        _get_applicationShellWidgetClass). What is the Problem?
49)!    What is Solaris?
50)     What does the "nres_gethostbyaddr !=" error mean?
51)     How come my mouse only works in the vertical(or horizontal) direction,
        how do I repair it?
52)     After rebuilding the shared library libc it get some or all the
        following undefined symbols: dlsym, dlopen, dlclose mbstowcs_xccs,
                        mbtowc_xccs,wcstombs_xccs, or wctomb_xccs.
53)     What does "No network locking on host" mean after upgrading to
        Solaris 2.0?
54)     Does Password Aging work with NIS(YP) ?
55)     What does "rpc.lockd: Cannot contact status monitor!" mean?
56)     How do I join the Sun User Group(SUG)?
57)     How do I increase the number of "pseudo" terminals(ptys) ?
58)     Where are dump and restore under Solaris 2.x?
59)     How do I make the numeric keypad on a type 5 keyboard work with xterm?
60)     How do I swap the CAPS LOCK and CONTROL keys on a type 5 keyboard
        under Openwindows 3.0?
61)!    Which Sun models run which versions of SunOS?
62)     My rdump is failing with a "Protocol botched" message. What do I do?
63)     Table of Solaris2.x commands and their Solaris1.x equivalents?
64)     How do I setup DNS on Solaris2.x?
65)     Can a SPARCclassic or LX run SunOS 4.1.3?
66)     I just restored my root partation and now I can not boot. What
        is wrong?
67)     How do I disable/enable packet forwarding?
68)     How do I disable the printing of banners pages?
69)     How do I change my hostname?
70)     Table of Solaris2.x files and their Solaris1.x equivalents?
71)!    Where can I get the BSD print spooler for Solaris2.x?    
72)!    Where is the Solaris2.x screenblank?
73)!    Is there a command to display the configuration of
        currently attached SCSI devices?
74)     My printer will not print large files(over 1-megabyte), I
        keep getting "file to big" errors. What do I do?
75)     I keep getting "data corruption" when using NFS over a wan,
        or slip/ppp link. What do I do?
76)     Does anybody know how to enable UDP checksum on NFS?
77)     Is there a mailing list for Wabi?
78)     Are there any public domain Multi-Vendor backup management
        systems?
79)     How to determine the revision of SuperSPARC processor.
80)     How do I install SunOS4.1.x by hand (off a CD)?
81)     Why won't my SUN207 (Maxtor LXT213) hard drive work in
        my SPARCstation 10/xx?
82)!    I'm running SunOS/4.1.x and every time I try to format my
        new 9GB SCSI disk I get "format failed" messages -- what's
        broke, and how can I fix it?
83)!    I can not get my new Exabyte 8505 (or others) working under
        SunOS (or Solaris) What to do ?
84)     The keyboard keeps stop working after exiting X or Openwin.
        What to do?
85)!    How do I re-build the kernel under SunOS4.x?
86)     How do I hook up a HP(or other) Desktop SCANNER?
87)!    How do I find which process has a file open?
88)     How do I create a partition greater than 2-gig on SunOS4.1.x?
89)     Why do I keep having to answer the question
        "CLEAN FLAG IN SUPERBLOCK IS WRONG; Fix?" when running fsck on
        an active filesystem?
90)     Are dynamically linked setuid executables insecure?
91)     How do I change the default router under Solaris1.x or Solaris2.x?
92)     What is the difference between the Domestic vs International version
        of SunOS 4.1.x?
93)     Where can I get the latest version of TOP?
94)     Can I run the SX card in a Sun running SunOS4.1.x?
95)     I just changed my shell to tcsh(or pick a favorite) and
        get  "530 User xyzz access denied" when ftping into this
        machine. What is the problem?
96)     How do I put several dump images on one tape?
97)     Can I "dump" the whole disk to tape in one command?
        (even with several slices/partitions)
98)     Where do I get software for my HP JetDirect Ethernet Card?
99)     I do not know the root password, What do I do?
100)    Where do I find a POP server for Solaris or SunOS?
101)    How do I clear Stale NFS Filehandles?
102)!   How can I use the same ethernet interface for two different IP networks?
103)!   Where do I get CAP for Solaris (or SunOS 4.1.x)?
104)    Where do I get DOOM for Solaris (or SunOS 4.1.x)?
105)    Why does "dump/ufsdump" tell me it is rewinding the tape even
        when I specified the "no rewind" device?
106)    How can you I speed up filesystem restores and/or copies?
107)+   I just added a new device (ie harddisk) to Solaris I have rebooted
        but the system still can not find it. What do I do?

                                Answers

 1)     How to get DNS working when not running NIS ?

        Note: Solaris2.x users should see question 64..

        The "normal" behavior of a hostname lookup under NIS is to
        consult the NIS hosts map and then DNS (if configured). If
        you are not running NIS the system will only look in
        the /etc/hosts file.

        You have two options to correct this situation:

                A) Re-build the shared library version of libc with replacement
                   resolver routines which understand DNS. Resolv+ provides one
                   of the best sets of replacement routines and it is easy
                   to install. Resolv+ can be obtained from

                        ftp.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/resolv+2.1.1.tar.Z

                   Rebuilding the shared library will not allow  statically
                   linked binaries to do name resolving and these binaries
                   will only use /etc/hosts. "Dynamically linked"
                   replacements for mount and rcp are available from

                        ftp.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/rcp-mount.dyn.tar.Z

                   This file only contains sun4 binaries. A Sun 3 binary
                   for mount can be retrieved from

                        ftp.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/mount.sun3.Z

                   To be able to rebuild shared libraries you need to
                   install the "shlib custom" option which is available
                   with SunOS version 4.1 or greater.

                   If you want to do it under 4.0.3 you need to get the
                   patches available from ftp.uu.net (192.48.96.9) in the
                   /systems/sun/sun-fixes directory. You will need the following
                   files:
                        lib.msg, libc_pic.a.sun3 or libc_pic.a.sun4 and
                        libc_resolv.so.sun3 or libc_resolv.so.sun4

                   Make sure to get the README that cames with these files.
                   It is in the same directory.

                   You can still use NIS for other things in environment,
                   such as passwd, and group maps.

                B) Run NIS with the "hosts" maps only. If you
                   only need DNS capability than change the "all"
                   line /var/yp/Makefile to "all:  hosts".  

                   It does not require any changes to shared libraries.

                   See question 2 for complete directions on how to setup
                   DNS with NIS.

        Last Updated:  January 30, 1995.

 2)     How to get DNS to be used when running NIS ?

        First setup your /etc/resolv.conf file.

        Use this file as a template.

        ;
        ; Data file for a client.
        ;
        domain          ece.uc.edu              ; local domain
        nameserver      129.137.8.118           ; primary domain nameserver
        nameserver      129.137.32.101          ; secondary domain nameserver

        Where:  "local domain" is the domain part of the hostnames.
                 For example, if your hostname is "ftp.ece.uc.edu"
                 your "local domain" is "ece.uc.edu" or you could use
                "uc.edu".

        Verify using nslookup that you are now resolving names
        via DNS. Try something like "nslookup ftp.uu.net" and
        see if you get back the IP address.

        You will need to put a copy of this resolv.conf on
        all NIS servers including slaves.

        After you have the /etc/resolv.conf setup and working do
        the following:

        Under SunOS 4.1 and greater, at the top of the /var/yp/Makefile
        uncomment the "B=-b" line and comment using the "#" sign the "B="

        If you are running 4.0.x you will need to edit the
        /var/yp/Makefile or apply the following "diff":

*** Makefile.orig       Wed Jan 10 13:22:11 1990
--- Makefile    Wed Jan 10 13:22:01 1990
***************
*** 63 ****
!                   | $(MAKEDBM) - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byname; \
--- 63 ----
!                   | $(MAKEDBM) -b - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byname; \
***************
*** 66 ****
!                   | $(MAKEDBM) - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byaddr; \
--- 66 ----
!                   | $(MAKEDBM) -b - $(YPDBDIR)/$(DOM)/hosts.byaddr; \

        Now setup NIS in the usual fashion (ypinit -m ) or if your "brave"
        and have already setup NIS just re-make the hosts map. Something
        like this should work remove /var/yp/hosts.time, cd /var/yp,
        and type make (i.e. cd /var/yp; /bin/rm -f hosts.time ; make).

        You will need reboot the machine or restart ypserv for these changes
        to take affect.

        The manpage for ypserv incorrectly states that you need to
        start ypserv with the -d option to get DNS to work with NIS.
        The manpage is incorrect -d option is for debugging.

        If you need a copy of the NIS Makefile look in /usr/lib (NIS.Makefile).
        Or grab the Makefile from ftp.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Makefile.nis

        Last Updated:  July 20, 1995.

 3)     How to properly setup NFS mounting of /var/spool/mail ?

        On the Client machines:

                A) mount /var/spool/mail with the no attribute caching
                   option.

                   An example, fstab line would be the following:

                   mailhost:/var/spool/mail /var/spool/mail nfs rw,noac 0 0

                B) Use a sendmail.cf that forces all mail to be delivered
                   by the mailhost.

                   One such file is available via anonymous ftp to
                   ftp.ece.uc.edu. Get the file

                                /pub/sun-faq/sendmail.client.cf

                   Do not use the OR option that Sun provides. It is broken
                   in many ways.

        On the server machine:

                A) Setup DNS MX records pointing to the mailhost for
                   all client machines.

                B) Edit the /etc/exports file to export /var/spool/mail
                   to the mail client machines. You may want
                   to use a netgroup for this purpose.

                C) Setup the /etc/sendmail.cf on the server recognize
                   that mail to/from a client is "local".

                   One such file is available via anonymous ftp to
                   ftp.ece.uc.edu. Get the file

                                /pub/sun-faq/sendmail.server.cf

        Note:   You may want to install Berkeley sendmail instead of Suns
                stock sendmail.

 4)     Can I use AnswerBook under X11R5(6)?

        AnswerBook in its current form requires the Openwindows
        server. It uses the NeWS/Display Postscript extensions
        to this server to display the Answerbook files.

        To use AnswerBook under X11R5 you will need to replace the
        docviewer program with program that calls Ghostscript to view
        these pages.  A replacement docviewer can downloaded from
        ftp.ece.uc.edu(129.137.8.118) as /pub/sun-faq/Source/docviewer.tar.gz
        This kit contains more than one  docviewer. Try using
        the one in the toplevel docviewer directory.

        This replacement docviewer does not support all the options that
        the "real" docviewer supports such as "hypertext" links.

        To install the replacement "docviewer" you will also need
        Ghostscript 2.4 or above and Ghostview 1.3 or above both of
        which are available from prep.ai.mit.edu in the /pub/gnu directory.

        This replacement docviewer is reported to work with all versions
        of AnswerBook but not as well as the original :).

 5)     What does "NFS write error X" mean?

        You can lookup the error codes in /usr/include/sys/errno.h.

        Two common NFS error codes are 13 - "permission denied" and 70 -
        "stale file handle".

        Error code 13 can occur from incorrect /etc/exports entry. Also,
        it can occur because someone has changed the /etc/exports
        entry to disallow the client after the client has already
        been granted permission to perform this operation.

        Error code 70 occurs when the file handle on the
        NFS server changes for a particular filesystem.
        The "file handle" can be changed under the following
        circumstances:

                A) Installing a new drive in place of an old.

                B) Moving a filesystem from one devices to
                   another.

                C) Performing a format, newfs, dump, and restore
                   cycle. Even if to the same device.

                D) Unmounting a file system without remounting it.

                E) Unmounting a High Sierra/ISO 9660 CD-ROM and
                   mounting a different CD.

        You can usually get rid of the error by unmounting and
        remounting the filesystem in question.

        Also, error code 70 can occur when someone removes a file
        that a process is actively writing from a NFS client machine.

        Under SunOS 4.1, you can run "showfh" to translate the NFS
        "file handle" given in the error message into a Unix pathname.
        Beware that showfhd does a "find" on your server to get the
        filename.  "man 2 intro" will give you some more general
        information on what error codes could mean.

        You will need a patch to get "showfh" to work correctly. The patch
        id is 100371 and this patch is required for 4.1, 4.1.1, and 4.1.2.
        This patch has been integrated into 4.1.3.

 6)     How do I find the amount of memory installed or other
        system configuration information?

        You can use the "devinfo" command to find out genera information
        about the hardware attached to your Sun. The "devinfo" command is
        only available on desktop SPARCsystems, SPARCengine 1E(although not
        in the version used in Auspex systems), or 600MP series server only.

        Also, most clones should support devinfo.  Any machine that has an
        SBus will probably support "devinfo"; any machine that doesn't have an
        SBus probably won't support "devinfo".

        Note that "devinfo" is called "prtconf" in SunOS 5.x. All options
        are the same.

        The "best" command for the job is "sysinfo". Sysinfo is public
        domain utility available via "anonymous" ftp on usc.edu in directory
        /pub/sysinfo. Sysinfo works on all Sun architectures(including Sun-3s)
        as well as many other UNIX boxes such as Ultrix, and Next. Also,
        it works on SunOS5.x machines.

        Note:  "wc -l /dev/mem" and "dd if=/dev/mem of=/dev/null" and
               the like will *not* give the correct answer on machines
               where physical memory is not contiguous, such as many Suns.

        OpenWindows 3.3 and above also support the "wsinfo" command, which
        provides some of this information, in particular memory size.

        Last Updated:  August 2, 1995.

 7)     Where can I get a version of ftp that does logging?

        Get the wuarchive ftp daemon. It is available from
        wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.252.135.4) in the directory
        /packages/wuarchive-ftpd

        A version of the wuarchive ftpd daemon that compiles right out
        of the box for Solaris2.x machines can be had from
        ftp.ece.uc.edu(129.137.8.118) in the /pub/sun-faq directory.
        Remember to specify your own paths in the src/pathnames.h file.

        The stock Sun ftpd will log some information if you add the "-l"
        flag in /etc/inetd.conf:

                ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/in.ftpd in.ftpd -l

        Also enable syslogd by adding:

        daemon.info      /var/adm/syslog

        to "/etc/syslog.conf".

 8)     Where can one get SunOS patches? Where can I get patch 10xxxx-xx?

        Many anonymous ftp sites have partial collections of patches.
        These sites include the following:

        Sun sanctioned sites:
                sunsolve1.sun.com:/pub/patches/
                        via WWW http://sunsolve1.sun.com/
                sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/sun-info/sun-patches/
                sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/sun-info/sun-patches/
                sunsite.sut.ac.jp:/pub/sun-info/sun-us/sun-patches/
                sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk:/sun/sunsite-sun-info/sun-patches/

        Note: You should always attempt to find a local site before
              using the above.

        sunsolve1.sun.com contains a collection of recommended and
        security patches. Be sure to check out the 2.x_Recommended.tar.Z
        files which contain all the Recommended patches in  one file.
        The "Sunsites" are essentially mirrors of sunsolve.

        Support Customers:

        Starting with SunSolve CD 2.1.2 ALL Sun patches are shipped
        on the SunSolve CD.

        Support customers can get all patches via ftp from Sunsolve
        or by e-mail and query one of the online sunsolve-databases
        on the internet.

        Some notes:    

        Do install the Recommended patches.

        If you find a bug report it to Sun. This is the only way
        it will get fixed.

        Do not "blindly" install all patches. Sun does not always
        have time to test for possible interactions between patches.

        Do not install patches for applications that you to do use.

        Do install patches for "bugs" that are actually affecting you.

        Last Updated:  January 30, 1995.

 9)     How to setup Openwindows Calendar Manager in a distributed
        environment?

        Sun's original assumption that each user has a permanent machine
        allocated to them is not applicable in most environments. Just as
        users send mail to 'user' rather than 'user@machine', users want
        to browse others user's calendars and do not care or want to know
        where the calendar is actually stored.

        Here is procedure to accomplish our goal. All calendars
        will be stored on a central server. The initial setup
        must be done on the server.

                A) Have the user login to the calendar host(calhost)
                   machine.

                B) Change everyone's .cm.rc file so that
                   Calendar.DefaultCal points to user@calhost

                   calhost can be an hostname alias or an actual
                   hostname. You may want to use the alias
                   just in case you change the "calhost" later.

                C) Change their Access List and Permissions (under
                   Edit/Properties) to show user@client with BID (browse,
                   insert, delete) permissions for any client machine the
                   user wanted to access their calendar from.

        Notes: If you use the scheme you should not NFS mount
               /var/spool/calendar on the client machines.

        or

        You can install the "Proxy OpenWindows Calendar Manager", which
        is available via anonymous FTP from ftp.ece.uc.edu in
        /pub/sun-faq/proxy-cmsd.tar.Z.

        or

        You can install the "new cm daemon" which allows you to access
        several Calendar hosts at once. It implements the "original"
        rpc.cmsd daemon semantics(unlike proxy-cmsd) and thus all
        the features(of CM) will work as documented.  The latest source
        for this daemon was available via anonymous FTP from
        ftp.amdahl.com (129.212.11.1) in the  /pub/newcm_d directory
        but alas it is no longer but you can still get a copy from
        from ftp.ece.uc.edu as /pub/sun-faq/newcm_d-1.3.tar.Z

        As of this writing newcm is being ported to Solaris2.x.

10)     Why does the talk command fail between SunOS
        and any other manufacturer's equipment(like DEC)?

        SunOS has the old BSD 4.2 version of talk. The old talk
        uses "machine dependent" byte ordering. Since
        DEC has different byte order the two talks can not
        communicate(even if you use "otalk" on the DEC
        machines).

        Also, most vendors have the newer version of
        talk from BSD-4.3 and this version is not compatible
        with the Sun Version(which is BSD-4.2).

        The solution is to get and install the new version
        of talk because it uses "network" byte ordering and
        it is compatible with most Vendors current talk
        implementations.

        "New Talk" is available via anonymous ftp from several
        sites including ftp.ece.uc.edu. Get the file
        /pub/sun-faq/Source/ntalk.tar.Z.   Solaris2.x users will need
        to compile this in Berkeley compatibility mode.

        Finally, a program called Ytalk can be used with either
        "New talk" or "Old talk" and compiles on all versions
        of SunOS(Greater than 4.x including 5.x).
        Ytalk can be obtained from ftp.ece.uc.edu. Get the file
                /pub/sun-faq/Source/ytalk-3.0.x.tar.gz

11)     How do I setup "anonymous" ftp?

        Read the man page ftpd(8) in the SunOS 4.x documentation, as
        the procedure differs from vanilla BSD and most examples in
        system administration books.

        The "ls" binary is dynamically linked, requiring you to
        duplicate ld.so, libc.so.* and /dev/zero in the ftp area.
        The permissions and ownership of the files within the
        ftp area are critical to having a secure configuration.

        Note: For SunOS versions 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 you will need
              to copy /usr/lib/libdl.so.* to the ftp area as well.

        You can use a "statically" linked binary from the GNU
        fileutils instead of the "dynamically" linked SunOS
        version. You can get the GNU fileutils from prep.ai.mit.edu
        in the directory /pub/gnu

        There is also a statically linked version of ls for Suns
        running SunOS 4.1.x, available via anonymous ftp from
        ftp.ece.uc.edu.  Get the file /pub/sun-faq/ls.statically-linked
        or get it from the SunOS install CD in the "tools" directory.

        A complete procedure to setup anonymous under SunOS is
        available via anonymous ftp to ftp.ece.uc.edu. Get
        the file /pub/sun-faq/anon-ftp.how-to.

        There is an _excellent_ script written by Peter N. Lewis
        (peter.le...@info.curtin.edu.au) for setting up anonymous ftp
        located on ftp.ece.uc.edu, in the file /pub/sun-faq/anon-ftp.scrpt

12)     How come yppasswdd does not automatically update the yp maps?

        There is a bug in 4.1 rpc.yppasswdd that causes it misinterpret
        the command line arguments.  A work-around is to add the
        "-nosingle" flag (which is the default), this shifts the
        arguments over one, so "passwd" is read instead of "-m".
        Also, you should use the complete path to rpc.yppasswdd

        For example:

        /usr/etc/rpc.yppasswdd /var/yp/passwd -nosingle -m passwd DIR=/var/yp

        Note: Only use the DIR=/var/yp if your source files for passwd, group,
              etc are in /var/yp. If they are in /etc you do not need
              to and should not specify the DIR= parameter.

        Also, you can modify the NIS Makefile to change to the location
        of the maps (ie modify DIR= in /var/yp/Makefile). Than you
        could use something like this instead of the above line:

                /usr/etc/yppasswdd /var/yp/maps/passwd -noshell -m passwd

        This assumes that all NIS text/source files are in
                /var/yp/maps

        If you are running the C2 security package, you should apply
        the C2 Jumbo patch, as it fixes several problems with rpc.yppasswdd
        and rpc.pwdauthd. The patch number is

        100201-04 or greater for SunOS 4.1 and 4.1.1
        100564-06 or greater for SunOS 4.1.2 and 4.1.3

        Last Updated:  April 27, 1995.

13)     What does NFS getattr failed/RPC: Authentication error mean?

        You are probably running a pre-4.0 version of NFS and your
        username is in more than 8 groups.  There is a limit on the
        number of groups that could be represented in the rpc service
        (called NGRPS).  On pre-4.0 systems this was 8, now it is 16.
        Since many vendors other than Sun are still running old versions
        of NFS, you might see this error even if your SunOS is recent.

        Authentication errors are also caused by having secure RPC
        enabled on the client but not on the server, or by having a
        misconfigured secure RPC configuration for the user name
        generating the errors.  Beware of this problem when you are
        using the automounter, as programs (such as Sendmail) may
        silently fail when when they try to mount a directory
        and get this error.

14)     Why did my Quantum 105 megabyte hard disk stop working?

        This the now infamous Quantum drive "stickation" problem.

        If the drive is allowed to cool down(even for a short period
        of time) the drive lubricant will congeal and prevent the disks
        platters from rotating.

        Before you get a replacement, try lightly tapping
        the drive to loosen the lubricant. If this does not work try
        shaking and twisting the drive at the same time. One last
        thing to try is to lift the system up a couple of inches
        and drop it.

15)     Can I replace the 105 megabyte internal drive with a higher capacity
        model?

        The newer disk drives can be used without worrying about heat
        or power supply capacity problems.

        However, older technology drives drives create more heat and draw
        more power than the 105S.  The case cooling ability and power supply
        in the SS-1 and SS-1+ are not adequate for the 210 megabyte or higher
        capacity drives possible in the SS-2.

        As long as you make sure that the drive draws no more power
        than the 105-Meg drive you should have no problems.

        Only the SPARCstation 1 and 1+ have these limitations.

16)     How can I turn my Sun3 into an X-Terminal?

        You can use Seth Robertson's Xkernel package.  It is available
        via anonymous ftp from ftp.ctr.columbia.edu (128.59.64.40) in
        /Xkernel.  The package describes how to configure a minimal kernel
        that runs the X server and offloads all the clients onto another,
        hopefully more powerful host on the network.

        As of this writing the current version of Xkernel is 2.0 and
        it should work on both SPARC and Sun3 platforms.

        Xkernel is attractive to some sites that have a large investment in
        sun3 platforms, as moving  most of the processing off the sun3
        cpu makes it tolerable to use.  

        Finally, a used 3/50 is competitive with low-end X Terminal and
        you get a 19" monitor with an optical mouse.  

17)     Why is my console login prompt garbled or in some strange
        alphabet after upgrading to 4.1.3?

        The problem is /etc/ttytab, with 4.1.3, the console is now
        able to display 8 bits characters and getty must take this
        into account.

        The solution is easy, replace your console entry in /etc/ttytab
        by the following, the important part is 'cons8':

        console "/usr/etc/getty cons8"  sun             on local secure

        Also, if you did an upgrade(instead of a full install) you may
        need to add the following to your /etc/gettytab.

        # This is a new entry to internationalize the console.  It needs to be
        # 8 bit clean so that ISO 8859 characters can be displayed without
        # the window system.
        #
        cons8:\
                :p8:lm=\r\n%h login\72 :sp#9600:

18)     Why are the "random" missing services at boot time or any other time
        (even though the services are in the /etc/services file or NIS map)?

        The three primary causes for "random" missing services are
        as follows:

                A) "Blank" lines in /etc/services on the YP/NIS Master.
                   Delete the blank line and remake the services map.

                B) Check the permissions on /etc/services. Non-root
                   processes need read permissions so /etc/services
                   should be mode 644.

                C) NIS/YP server not responding quickly enough
                   to the "getservbyname" call because each getservbyname
                   call reads the whole map.  One fix is to replace the
                   systems version of inetd with a version that re-tries the
                   "unknown" service.

                   I have "hacked" a version of munetd(public domain
                   replacement for inetd) to do this. It is available
                   from ftp.ece.uc.edu. Get the file
                        /pub/sun-faq/Source/munetd.tar.Z

                   Another solution to this problem is outlined in part C below.

                D) Sun's implementation of the services map is incorrect. To
                   correct this problem you will need to replace some library
                   routines in libc and rebuild the shared library.
                   These routines and directions on installing them are
                   available from ftp.ece.uc.edu.  Get the file
                   /pub/sun-faq/Source/getservent.tar.Z.

                E) Another fix(if you do not want to modify your libc's) is
                   to just remove the services map from NIS. However,
                   you will need to update the services file by hand on
                   all clients. We are running all NIS hosts this way and
                   it seems to work quite well.

19)     Where can I get Data Certified tapes for 4-mm or 8-mm tape drives
        (at reasonable price)?

        Here is an incomplete list of vendors how have "data certified"
        tapes for the exabyte.

        Misco                     800-876-1726   $12 - 15 each.
        TecBridge                 800-972-7405   $9 - 15 each.
        R-Squared                 800-777-3478   Sony 112m 1...@8.00 Each
        K and K Systems           612-475-1527   $10 Each
        SCR                       314-739-0808   $10.95 for Memorex
        CPI                       800-522-4274   Sony 112m 1...@7.00 Each

        Last Updated:  July 22, 1995.

20)     What is "archie"?

        Archie is a database of what is on several thousand anonymous
        ftp sites.

        To use archie get one of the three archie clients which
        are as follows:

                xarchie         -       For use under X11
                c-archie        -       Curses version of Archie
                archie          -       Perl Version of Archie

        Theses are available from archie.ans.net in the directory
        /pub/archie.

        List of other publicly available archie servers:

        archie.rutgers.edu   128.6.18.15     (Rutgers University)
        archie.unl.edu       129.93.1.14     (University of Nebraska
                                              in Lincoln)
        archie.sura.net      128.167.254.179 (SURAnet archie server)
        archie.ans.net       147.225.1.2     (ANS archie server)
        archie.au            139.130.4.6     (Australian server)
        archie.funet.fi      128.214.6.100   (European server in Finland)
        archie.doc.ic.ac.uk  146.169.11.3    (UK/England server)
        archie.cs.huji.ac.il 132.65.6.15     (Israel server)
        archie.wide.ad.jp    133.4.3.6       (Japanese server)
        archie.th-darmstadt.de 130.83.128.111 (German server)

21)     How do I synchronize time on my Network?

        You should use xntp version 3 to synchronize your time. Xntp
        synchronizes to "atomic" and/or Radio Frequency clocks. Using
        xntp time should always be within a few "milliseconds" of the
        actual time. Xntp does not require a "atomic" clock, any
        stable UNIX host clock will do.

        xntp is available from louie.udel.edu.
        Get the file /pub/ntp/xntp3?.tar.Z where ? is replaced by the
        latest version letter.

        You will need clock.txt available from the same place.

        xntp works with all versions of SunOS(4.x and 5.x).

        Note: There is a Mac Control version of XNTP now available.

22)     What is the phone number for Sun Express and other numbers of importance
        to Sun Users?

        Sun Express:            1-800-USE-SUNX (1-800-873-7869)
        Main Sun Helpline:      1-800-USA-4SUN (1-800-872-4786)

        Auspex Systems Inc. :   2952 Bunker Hill Lane
                                Santa Clara, CA 95054
                                (800) 735-3177 or (408) 492-0900
                                Fax: (408) 492-0909

23)     How do I join sun related  mailing lists?

        Mailing Lists:

        Sun Managers:   Used for "emergency" information only. The
                        users of this list are "very" knowledgeable.
                sun-managers-requ...@eecs.nwu.edu add requests
                sun-manag...@eecs.nwu.edu         submissions

        Sun-386i:   discussion about the Sun 386i product
                sun-386i-requ...@ssg.com          add requests
                sun-3...@ssg.com                  submissions

        Suns-at-Home is a mailing list devoted to folks who have Sun
        Workstations at home.  We hope to cover topics such as:

        - Maintenance and parts
        - Software
        - dial-up access (SLIP, modems)
        - Uses of Suns at Home (Home control, UUCP, BBS systems)

        You can reach Suns-at-home through the following addresses:

        Article submissions go to:
                Suns-at-H...@net-kitchen.com

        Administrative requests go to:
                Suns-at-Home-Requ...@net-kitchen.com

        Auspex:  managers of Auspex NFS file servers
                auspex-requ...@princeton.edu                    add requests
                aus...@princeton.edu                            submissions

        Epoch:  managers of Epoch NFS file servers      
                EPoch Users Forum  (EPUF)            
                epuf-requ...@mcs.anl.gov                        add requests
                e...@mcs.anl.gov                                submissions

        Various SunFlash Mailing Lists:

        SunFlash:
                  Articles about Sun from Sun. Includes Press Releases,
                  detailed intros, Sun e-newsletters, sunergy announcements

                  John J. McLaughlin Editor/Publisher (fl...@sun.com)

                  Available in a variety of formats:
                  List name       Description

                  sunflash        daily sunflash. Many articles will have just
                                  summaries for the articles posted.
                                  use the autoresponder to get the full text
                  sunflash-f      full list - all articles - no summaries
                  sunflash-w      weekly list - one summary article per week
                  sunflash-m      monthly list - one summary article per week
                  mt-sunflash     summary article in the message body, and
                                  all articles included as MailTool style
                                  attachemensts
                  mime-sunflash   like mt-sunflash, but with MIME attachements
                  mt-sunflash-w   like mt-sunflash but once per week
                  mime-sunflash-w like mime-sunflash but once per week

                  Subscribe by sending email to majord...@flashback.com
                  The message body should contain the word subscribe
                  followed by one of above lists names. E.g.
                        subscribe mt-sunflash

        The Sun FlashBack:
                  Articles of interest to the Sun community from
                  vendors other than Sun. Includes Press Releases,
                  Sun User Group announcements, Product announcements,
                  Company newsletters, newsletter table of contents
                  (e.g. "HPCwire", "WEBster', "SPARCFlash"),
                  trade magazine table of contents (e.g. "Advanced Systems",
                  "Open Computing", "Sun Onserver"), Conference/Seminar/
                  Trade-Show announcements, Text Book announcements,
                  Sponsored technical articles.

                  John J. McLaughlin Editor/Publisher (fl...@flashback.com)

                  Available in a variety of formats:
                  List name       Description

                  flashback       daily flashback. Many articles will have just
                                  summaries for the articles posted.
                                  use the autoresponder to get the full text
                  flashback-f     full list - all articles - no summaries
                  flashback-w     weekly list - one summary article per week
                  flashback-m     monthly list - one summary article per week
                  mt-flashback    summary article in the message body, and
                                  all articles included as MailTool style
                                  attachemensts
                  mime-flashback   like mt-flashback, but with MIME attachements
                  mt-flashback-w   like mt-flashback but once per week
                  mime-flashback-w like mime-flashback but once per week

                  Subscribe by sending email to majord...@flashback.com
                  The message body should contain the word subscribe
                  followed by one of above lists names. E.g.
                        subscribe mt-flashback

                  Send for intro (article 9001), help, index or fullindex
                  to flashb...@flashback.com.
                  ftp archives on draco.nova.edu pub/sunflash
                  WWW files on draco.nova.edu pub/sunflash/www
                  URL ftp://draco.nova.edu/pub/sunflash/www/index.html

        NOTE!!!  if you wish to be added to one of the above mailing lists,
                 send mail to the REQUEST address!  Do not send add requests
                 to the main address!

        Last Updated:  Sept 25, 1995.

24)     How do I use Mac floppies in a SUN drive?

        You can not use "real" Mac floppies without buying either
        one of the emulator packages like Liken from Andataco(?) or
        Mae from Apple (only runs on Solaris2.3 or above). They
        is another product or two that just allows you to mount
        Macintosh floppies onto your Sun but the vendors
        and product names escape me now.

        That said if all you want to do is exchange files
        the easiest way is to use suntar on the Macintosh to
        copy files to a "high density" floppy.  Then you can use
        "tar" or "bar" on the Sun to get the files off this floppy.
        It is available from ftp.ece.uc.edu(129.137.8.118)
        as /pub/sun-faq/Source/suntar-203.hqx or visit
        the Info Mac archives at wuarchive.wustl.edu.

        or

        You could use the Apple File Exchanger to translate
        the files to MS-DOS format. Then use one of the many
        methods for transferring MS-DOS disks to Sun. System 7.5 now
        mounts dos floppies automatically no need for Apple File
        Exchanger.

        These methods should only be used with files like ascii files,
        wordprocessor files, and  spreadsheet data files. Mac
        application programs should not be transfered.

        Finally, low density Mac floppies are not compatable
        with Sun floppy drives.

        Last Updated:  January 27, 1995.

25)     How can I transfer floppies back and forth between MS-DOS and Sparc?

        For Solaris2.2 and above you can use the Volume Manager to
        control your disks and CD-ROM's. Under SunOS 4.0 there are two
        packages which allow you to do mount floppies (mtools and mntdisk).
        Both of these packages use the 3-1/2inch floppy drive available
        on most SPARCstations.  Mntdisk can be used to manage CD-ROMS
        and other removable media types as well.

        With the advent of the Volume manager in Solaris2.2 these programs
        have been rendered somewhat obsolete. Under Solaris2.x use
        volcheck -v to check in a floppy. Than you can use normal UNIX
        commands on this floppy like cd, mkdir, cp, mv, and ls. It usually
        gets mounted on /vol/floppy0

        Mtools writes directly to the floppy device and it does not
        require any special privileges. It is faster than mntdisk
        but it requires the user to learn a new set of commands.
        A copy of mtools can be found at

                ftp.ece.uc.edu:/pub/sun-faq/Source/mtools-2.0.7.tar.Z

        With the proper changes to the source code mtools can even
        be made to work with the Solaris2.x Volume Manager. All
        you need to do is make mtools look in /vol/dev/diskette/...
        for the floppy devices.

        mntdisk "mounts" the floppy using the "pcfs" filesystem type. Once
        mounted you can use regular UNIX commands(cp,mv,and rm)
        to access it. The pcfs filesystem is quite slow compared
        to using mtools above.  Mntdisk is available in your local
        comp.sources.misc archive, Volume 22, Issues 31-33.
        Mntdsk can be used to mount CD-ROMS and even UFS floppies.

        You should never use "setuid" shell scripts for mounting floppies.
        Also, C programs that use the system() function call should
        not be used either. Both can open up huge security holes
        which hackers can be used to break into your system.

        Last Updated:  January 27, 1995.

26)     Why is my biff not "biffing" when using biff in a networked
        environment?

        In its current form comsat/biff are only usable on the mail
        server. You need to replace them network capable programs.

        A shar file containing network capable versions of comsat
        and biff is available from ftp.ece.uc.edu. Get the
        file /pub/sun-faq/Source/biff-comsat.

27)     How do I disable L1-A(STOP-A) or re-map it?

        You need to get one of the many re-mapping programs. Two
        of these are available from ftp.ece.uc.edu. Get the file
        disable-L1-A.tar.Z

        Always password protect your NVRAM. Set the security
        to command otherwise anyone can set this password
        to anything they want. Of course you can get it back
        as root by doing a strings /dev/eeprom and it should
        show up in plain text. This assumes you have root
        access.

28)     Why are all the local users "unknown" when using sendmail under 4.1.2?

        There is a known problem with sendmail and frozen config
        files under 4.1.2.

        The fix is to remove /etc/sendmail.fc. Also, You could
        try moving it to the end of /etc/rc.local.

        However, the best "fix" may be to install the new Berkeley
        Sendmail it has a number of enhancements, performance
        improvements, and security enhancements.

        You can get Berkeley sendmail from ftp.cs.berkeley.edu(128.32.149.78).
        Get the following files: /ucb/sendmail/*8*6*9*
                                 /ucb/4bsd/db.tar.Z
        Also, you will need bind 4.9 and it can be found on
        gatekeeper.dec.com(16.1.0.2) in the /pub/BSD/bind/4.9
        directory.

        Finally, if you do not want to build the Berkeley sendmail for
        yourself I will be willing to mail you a copy.

29)     What are the dump parameters for an exabyte 8200 or 8500?

        8200 -- dump 0budfs 126 54000 /dev/rst0 6000    /filesystem
        8500 -- dump 0budfs 126 54000 /dev/rst0 13000   /filesystem

        Under 4.1.2 and above you should use rst8. Previous SunOS versions
        did not do anything special for the 8500.

        These parameters are not needed for Solaris 2.x because it can
        do the right thing if it reaches EOT (end of tape).

        Sept 20, 1995

30)     What are the guidelines for setting up swap space ?

        In SunOS 4.x the amount of swap space and Virutal memory
        are one in the same so you need at least as much swap
        as real memory.

        In SunOS 5.x the amount of Virutal memory is equal
        swap space plus real memory. Under SunOS 5.x you
        can actually get away with having no swap space at
        all. We are running a SPARCserver 1000 with no swap
        and 192-Meg of real memory.  Of course you will
        end up wasting some space because things that really
        could be swapped out can not be.

        The old rule of thumb is 1.5 to 2 times real memory. This
        can lead to wasted disk space (by having too much swap
        space) or to not having enough. What you need to do
        is to estimate your swap space needs.

        Of course if you under-estimate your swap needs or periodically
        need additonal swap space you can use mkfile to create
        a swapfile (ie mkfile 25m swapfile). Do not use the "-n"
        option on local swap files. This option should be only
        used for NFS mounted swap space.

        To use you new swap space  you can use the following
        commands:

                swapon /fullpath/to/file        -- SunOS 4.x
        or
                swap  -a /fullpath/to/file      -- SunOS 5.x

        To delete the swap space under SunOS 4.x you have
        to reboot.  In SunOS 5.x you can delete swap space
        using swap -d .

        You can also turn swap space into filesystem space by mounting a
        tmpfs filesystem in swap.  A tmpfs file is not completely
        equivalent to a disk file, since file and record locking is not
        supported.  However tmpfs is nice since you now have one block of
        disk being shared by the swap space and the filesystem, with the
        split being dynamically changed depending on usage.

        Finally, if you use X and tend to leave many applications in core
        in various windows, you'll need much more swap space.

        Last Updated: July  7, 1995.

31)     What are the general guidelines for maxusers to be set to on machine X?

        This question is being written.

32)     What does "zsN: silo overflow" mean?

        The CPU serial ports - both ordinary serial ports A and B, and
        the port for the keyboard and mouse - use the Zilog Z8530 SCC
        chip.  That chip has a 3-character on-board buffer called the
        "silo".  If a character arrives in the silo, the chip interrupts
        the CPU at a high priority, and the interrupt service routine
        reads the character out of the silo.

        If the interrupt isn't serviced in time, more than 3 characters
        can be placed in the silo by the chip; if so, the chip notes
        that the silo "overflowed", and the interrupt service routine,
        when called, will note that a "silo overflow" occurred.

        If the machine is printing a message from the kernel, interrupts
        from the chip will be held off; if the message takes long enough
        to print, and characters are coming in quickly enough on the
        serial port, more than 3 can arrive, and a "silo overflow" will
        occur.

        It is possible that a machine that's sufficiently busy in other
        code that runs with interrupts held off could get a silo
        overflow as well.

33)     What does the "N" in "zsN: silo overflow", and other "zsN" messages,
        signify?

        The name "zsN" is ambiguous.

        In kernel "config" files, and in the boot-time autoconfig
        messages, "zs0" is the first on-board Z8530 chip, the two
        channels of which handle "ttya" and "ttyb", respectively, and
        "zs1" is the second on-board Z8530 chip, the two channels of
        which handle the keyboard and mouse ports, respectively.

        In "zsN: silo overflow" messages and the like:

                "zs0" is the A channel on the first on-board Z8530, handling
                    "ttya";

                "zs1" is the B channel on the first on-board Z8530, handling
                    "ttyb";

                "zs2" is the A channel on the second on-board Z8530, handling
                    the keyboard;

                "zs3" is the B channel on the second on-board Z8530, handling
                    the mouse.

        So a "zs0: silo overflow" error is for "ttya", and a "zs1: silo
        overflow" error is for "ttyb", not for the keyboard or mouse.
        Keyboard silo overflows are "zs2: silo overflow"; mouse silo
        overflows are "zs3: silo overflow".

34)     How do I set up a Sun serial port both for dial-in and dial-out?

        You need to read Chapter 11 in  the "Systems and Network
        Administration" manual.

35)     I can't get my Sun, running SunOS 4.1[.x], to establish a UUCP
        connection to some non-Sun machine; it won't log in.  What's wrong?

        The 4.1[.x] UUCP normally runs in even-parity mode when logging
        into another machine.  If the other machine is running in 8
        bits, no parity, mode, the fact that the 8th bit is set on some
        of the characters the Sun is sending to it will confuse it.

        The Sun can be made to turn the 8th bit off by putting
        P_ZERO into the "expect / send" sequence for dialing.
        Good places are /etc/uucp/Systems or /etc/uucp/Dialers.
        Putting it into the Dialers file has the advantage, that
        it's compatible with Taylor UUCP 1.04 and 1.05. You might
        want Taylor UUCP for better UUCP throughput using Taylor
        UUCP's bidirectional i-proto. Here is an example for the
        /etc/uucp/Dialers file, it introduces additionally the
        option of using Hardware Handshaking between modem and
        computer:

        zyxel =,-, "" P_ZERO "" \dA\pTM1S42.6=1\r\c OK\r
                       \EATDT\T\r\c CONNECT STTY=crtscts

        Note: this has to be _ONE_ line !!!

        Last Updated: April  27, 1995.

36)     Do the Sun serial ports support RTS/CTS flow control?

        The serial port hardware can do CTS-based control of the flow of
        data *from* the Sun *out* the serial port automatically.  The
        tty driver option for that is the CRTSCTS option; it can be
        specified in:

                the "printcap" "ms" capability for a printer;

                in the "gettytab" "ms", "m0", "m1", or "m2" capabilities
                for a dial-in port;

                the "STTY=" option for a dial-out line for UUCP or "cu"
                [check the UUCP documentation for details];

        and can be specified with the "hf" capability in "/etc/remote"
        for "tip".

        The hardware cannot directly do RTS-based control of the flow of
        data *into* the Sun, and the software does not currently support
        controlling the flow of data into the Sun with RTS.

        NOTE: the EEPROM options in newer Suns do not affect the flow

        control performed by the OS; in fact, the OS ignores the
        "ttya-mode", "ttyb-mode", "ttya-rts-dtr-off", and
        "ttyb-rts-dtr-off" EEPROM options entirely.  You don't need to
        set them to change the way the OS handles the tty, and even if
        you do set them, it won't change the way the OS handles the tty.

        Sun has released a new jumbo tty patch 100513-04 for SunOS 4.1.2
        and 4.1.3 that incorporates changes to the tty driver to
        support RTS/CTS handshaking. Anyone trying to get RTS/CTS
        handshaking to work should get this patch.

37)     How do I specify that a serial port should, or should not, ignore the
        state of the Carrier Detect line?

        Prior to SunOS 4.1, you do so either by:

                changing the "flags" field for the serial port device in the
                kernel "config" file, re-running "config", rebuilding
                the kernel, and rebooting with the new kernel;

        or, on the Sun-4c machines:

                changing the setting of the "ttya-ignore-cd" or
                "ttyb-ignore-cd" EEPROM settings if the port is one of
                the CPU serial ports.

        In SunOS 4.1 (and, I think, some SunOS 4.0[.x] releases for the
        Sun386i), you do so by changing the "/etc/ttytab" line for the
        port in question to have the "local" attribute if CD is to be
        ignored, or not to have it if CD is not to be ignored, and
        running the "ttysoftcar" command to tell the kernel that the
        status of the "ignore CD" flag should be changed.

        In 4.1, there's no need to change the EEPROM setting to change
        SunOS's behavior; it may affect the PROM's behavior, but that's
        the only reason why it'd be necessary.

38)     I put in a new "termcap" entry, or updated an existing "termcap" entry,
        for a terminal, but "vi" doesn't seem to know about my change.  Why?

        The "vi" in SunOS 4.1[.x] is based on the System V Release 3.1
        "vi", because that version of "vi" supports 8-bit character
        sets.  That version of "vi" uses "terminfo", not "termcap"; you
        have to change the "terminfo" entry for the terminal.

        You may first have to convert the compiled "terminfo" entry to a
        text entry; "/usr/5bin/infocmp -I <terminal-type>" will write
        the text of the "terminfo" entry for the terminal
        <terminal-type> to its standard output.

        If you already have a "termcap" entry, you can convert it to a
        "terminfo" entry with "/usr/5bin/captoinfo".

        A text "terminfo" entry must be recompiled in order for programs
        using "terminfo" to use it; "/usr/5bin/tic" will recompile it.

39)     I have a Type 5 keyboard, and find its placement of the Caps Lock,
        Control, and Esc keys inconvenient.  How do I remedy this?

        Well, one remedy may be to buy the "UNIX layout" version of the
        Type 5; this option seems, unfortunately, to be little-known to
        Sun customers, and Sun may not be promoting it as they should.
        That keyboard has a layout much more friendly to the traditional
        UNIX user than do the normal PC-style layouts for the Type 5.

        If you don't have that option, you can use the appropriate
        program to reprogram the keys; see the next question.

40)     How can I move keys around on a Sun keyboard, for example exchanging the
        Caps Lock and Control keys on a Type 5 keyboard?

        It depends on which window system you're running, if any.

        If you're not using any window system, or you're using a window
        system such as SunView that uses the OS's keyboard event
        translation mechanism, you can dump the tables used by the OS's
        keyboard event translation mechanism with the "dumpkeys"
        command, and load changes to that table with the "loadkeys"
        command; see LOADKEYS(1).

        If you're using X11 - either in its MIT incarnation, or Sun's
        Open Windows incarnation - or some other window system that
        shuts off the OS's keyboard event translation mechanism, you
        need to use the window system's commands, if any, for that
        function.

        In X11, the command for that is "xmodmap"; its translation
        tables can be printed with "xmodmap -pk", and changes to that
        table can be loaded with "xmodmap" as well.

        NOTE: in the particular case of the Control and Caps Lock keys,
        while MIT X appears to handle interchanging those two keys
        correctly, so that the new Caps Lock key is a toggle and the new
        Control key is not, some versions of Open Windows do not - even
        though the keys have had their mappings exchanged, the window
        system server still thinks that the *old* Caps Lock key, which
        is now the Control key, should be a toggle, and that the *old*
        Control key, which is now the Caps Lock key, should not be a
        toggle.
        [Here is a work-around for this problem, provided by Mark Plotnick
        (m...@allegra.att.COM)]:
        Copy the appropriate keytable (e.g. /usr/openwin/etc/keytables/US4.kt)
        to $HOME/.keytable, and change the 2nd attribute character in a key's
        attributes field to N or P depending on whether the key should have
        "pseudolock".
        $ diff /usr/openwin/etc/keytables/US4.kt /usr/gre/.keytable
        78,79c78,79
        < lock  119                     # CapsLock
        < control        76                     # Control
        ---
        > lock   76                     # CapsLock
        > control       119                     # Control
        226c226
        < 76    NN      XK_Control_L
        ---
        > 76    NP      XK_Caps_Lock
        278c278
        < 119   NP      XK_Caps_Lock
        ---
        > 119   NN      XK_Control_L

41)     My Sun doesn't have an ANSI C compiler.  How can I get one?

        SunOS releases prior to 5.x come with a C compiler. However,
        it was an old compiler, and it didn't support ANSI C syntax or
        ANSI C features.

        The SunSoft Catalyst CD #5 contains the binaries for the GNU C
        compiler for Solaris 1.x and 2.x. You should get the latest
        version of GCC and compile it using this compiler.

        Many vendors offer ANSI C compilers for SunOS.  Sun sells Sun C
        1.1 for SPARC, which includes an ANSI C compiler (although not a
        full ANSI C environment, i.e. it doesn't necessarily include all
        the ANSI C include files or library routines); various other
        vendors (Lucid? Others?) sell ANSI C compilers as well.

        The Free Software Foundation's GCC also supports ANSI C syntax
        and ANSI C features. It can be FTP'ed in source form from many
        sites, and in binary form from some sites.

        A compiled version of the latest GCC for SunOS 5.x is available from
        prep.ai.mit.edu. The directory containing these files is

                /pub/gnu/sparc-sun-solaris2

        You need to get the following files:

                gzip-binaries-1.x.x.tar
                INSTALL.gcc
                gcc-binaries-2.x.x.tar.gz

        Note: You need the gzip binaries to ungzip the gcc binaries.

        After obtaining GCC, you will need to run fixincludes.
        The INSTALL.gcc file will tell you how.

        Note: The following sites mirror the GNU software distribution
              from prep.ai.mit.edu:

        ASIA:           utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp:/ftpsync/prep,
                        cair.kaist.ac.kr:/pub/gnu
        AUSTRALIA:      archie.oz.au:/gnu (archie.oz or archie.oz.au for ACSnet)
        AFRICA:         ftp.sun.ac.za:/pub/gnu
        MIDDLE-EAST:    ftp.technion.ac.il:/pub/unsupported/gnu
        EUROPE:         irisa.irisa.fr:/pub/gnu, grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr:pub/gnu,
                        ftp.mcc.ac.uk, unix.hensa.ac.uk:/pub/uunet/systems/gnu,
                        src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/gnu, ftp.win.tue.nl, ugle.unit.no,
                        ftp.denet.dk, ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de:/pub/gnu,
                        ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de, ftp.eunet.ch,
                        nic.switch.ch:/mirror/gnu, nic.funet.fi:/pub/gnu,
                        isy.liu.se, ftp.stacken.kth.se,
                        ftp.luth.se:/pub/unix/gnu, archive.eu.net
        CANADA: ftp.cs.ubc.ca:/mirror2/gnu
        USA:    wuarchive.wustl.edu:/mirrors/gnu, labrea.stanford.edu,
                ftp.kpc.com:/pub/mirror/gnu, ftp.cs.widener.edu,
                col.hp.com:/mirrors/gnu, ftp.cs.columbia.edu:/archives/gnu/prep,
                gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/GNU, ftp.uu.net:/systems/gnu

        You should check the site close to you before ftping to
        prep.

42)     How do I change the time zone setting on my machine?

        In releases prior to SunOS 4.0, you will have to reconfigure
        your kernel, recompile it, install the new kernel, and reboot.
        See the documentation on kernel configuration.

        In SunOS 4.0 and later releases, you will need to run the "zic"
        command with the "-l" flag, with the appropriate time zone
        setting as the argument.  For example, to set the time zone to
        US Eastern Time, do:

                zic -l US/Eastern

        to set it to the proper setting for Great Britain and Eire, do:

                zic -l GB-Eire

        and so on.

        You will then probably want to reboot your machine, in order to:

                1) cause any daemons started before the time zone was
                   changed to restart, and pick up the new time zone;

               2) run "tzsetup" for the benefit of old pre-SunOS 4.0
                   binaries, old programs not converted to use the new
                   routines to convert local time to UNIX time, and
                   Calendar Manager.

        You can also manually link "/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/localtime"
        to the appropriate time zone file, but there's really no point
        in doing so when "zic -l" will do that for you.

        In Solaris 2.x, you do it the same way you do it on any other
        SVR4 system - you put a line that says

                TZ=<time zone name>

        in "/etc/TIMEZONE", or change the existing line, and reboot.
        SVR4 includes the "Arthur Olson" time zone code that SunOS 4.x
        also uses, although not all SVR4 systems supply the time zone
        files for it; Solaris 2.0 does.

43)     I'm getting messages that say one of the following:
                proc: table is full     and/or
                file: table is full     and/or
                dquot: table is full    and/or
                inode: table is full
        What do these errors mean, and how do I fix the problem?

        In SunOS releases prior to 5.0, many tables in the system are
        allocated once at system startup time, with a fixed size, and do
        not grow in size.  If the system needs more entries than are
        present in that table to perform some operation, it can't
        perform the operation, and it will log a message and return a
        failure indication.

        The sizes of the tables in question are based on the "maxusers"
        value in the configuration file for your kernel; to increase the
        size of the table, change the configuration file for your kernel
        to have a larger "maxusers" value, re-run "config" on that file,
        rebuild the kernel, install the new kernel, and reboot.

        SunOS 4.1 and later shouldn't get "inode: table is full", as
        that table is dynamically allocated; SunOS 5.0 should
        dynamically allocate entries in most if not all of those tables.

        I did that, and I'm still getting that message.  What do I do now?

        Presumably, then, either:

                1) you didn't increase "maxusers" enough

        or

                2) some process is consuming resources from the table in
                   question without bound.

        Note: SunOS kernels(up to 4.1.3) by default allow the user to use
              all available process slots(except for the last 5).

              If you are running out of process slots you may want to
              change the kernel parameter that controls the maximum number
              of per user processes. You can change this in the param.c
              in /sys/conf.common. You will need to change the following
              define:

                        #define MAXUPRC (NPROC - 5)

              to something more reasonable like

                        #define MAXUPRC (NPROC - 5)/2

              After making this change you should re-config and re-build
              your kernel.

        The "proc" table has one entry for every process on the system;
        if it's overflowing, some process on the system may be creating
        new processes over and over again.  If you can, do a "ps -ax" to
        see what processes are on the system, and see if that gives any
        clues as to what process, if any, is spawning those other
        processes.

        The "file" table has one entry for every "active file
        descriptor" on the system; each time an "open", "dup", "socket",
        etc. call is made, a new "active file descriptor" is required.
        There's no way of finding out what process or processes are
        consuming file descriptors that's as convenient as "ps" can be
        for finding out what process or processes are spawning additional
        processes; "/usr/etc/pstat -f" will print the "open file table"
        of "active file descriptors", but it's tricky for the novice
        user, programmer, or administrator to interpret the output of
        "pstat -f", and that output doesn't indicate which processes are
        using a given "active file descriptor".

44)     Blank at present.

45)     How do I run both OpenWindows and MIT X11R5?

        OpenWindows 2.0 is compatible with X11R3 plus some extensions,
        OpenWindows 3.0 is compatible with X11R4, and  OpenWindows 3.3
        is completely standard X11R5 with Display Postscript extensions
        added and many Sun hardware-specific performance improvements.

        To get X11R5(or R4) applications to run under Openwindows you will
        need to set the appropriate LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

        Assuming you installed the MIT libraries in
        /usr/lib and the OpenWindows libraries are in
        /usr/openwin/lib, set the following before you start the
        windowing system:

        MIT X11R4 environment

                set path = (/usr/bin/X11 $path)
                setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/lib

        OpenWindows

                set path = (/usr/openwin/bin /usr/openwin/demo $path)
                setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/openwin/lib

        You can also run clients from one environment under a different
        server on a one command at a time basis.  This example runs a

        OpenWindows client under the MIT server:

                (setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/openwin/lib; x_soundtool)

        A better way to handle this(in the long run) is to re-compile
        the X server clients to include a "hard" coded shared library
        search path. You will need to link the clients with -L
        option.  For example, if your X11 libraries are installed
        in /usr/local/lib/X11 you will link your application by

                   cc -o app app.c -L/usr/local/lib/X11 -lX11 -lXext

        By doing this to all applications you can eliminate the need
        to set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

        For applications that you do not have source for you should
        write a shell script wrapper similar to the following:

        #!/bin/sh
        LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib/X11; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
        /usr/local/bin/X11/xterm.bin $*

        Note: Source code for the Xview toolkit and MIT X11R5 are
              available from prep.ai.mit.edu.

        The OpenWindows server has the ability to display PostScript that
        several of the OpenWindows applications require to run.  Sun's
        AnswerBook is an example that requires PostScript.  These clients
        will not run under the MIT server.  

        You can get a limited PostScript preview capability under
        either server with GNU Ghostscript, a GNU "copyleft" package
        available from various ftp sites.  

        Two enhanced versions of Ghostscript are also available,
        CSPreview and Ghostview, they both offer fancier preview capabilities.
        These programs are currently available via anonymous ftp:

        Ghostscript is on prep.ai.mit.edu (18.71.0.38) in /pub/gnu
        GSPreview   is on ftp.x.org (18.24.0.12) in /contrib
        Ghostview   is on prep.ai.mit.edu (128.105.2.196) in /pub/gnu

46)     Where do I find a "restricted" shell for SunOS?

        /usr/lib/rsh is a "restricted" Bourne shell.

        This "restricted" shell is easy to break out of; consider
        that most editors have a shell escape, for example. Building
        a window-dressing restricted environment is easy; building
        a real restricted environment is hard.

47)     Will SunOS 4.1.x binaries run under SunOS 5.x?

        Yes they will, with some restrictions. The most significant is
        that the binary in question must have been "dynamically linked."
        Otherwise, you will get the message

        Bad system call (core dumped)

        immediately when starting the 4.1.x binary on SunOS5.

        As of SunOS 5.3 "statically" linked binaries will now run
        in binary compatabilty mode.

        Finally, bear in mind that there may be a performance  penalty
        for using  binary compatabilty mode applications.

        Last Updated:  August 2, 1995.

48)     When I try to compile MITs X11R4 applications under Openwindows 3.0,
        I get the following "undefined" symbols(_get_wmShellWidgetClass, and
        _get_applicationShellWidgetClass). What is the Problem?

        There are problems with the Xmu shared library as shipped from Sun.

        There are two "fixes". One is to get the Openwindows patches
        that apply to this problem and the other is to "statically" link
        the Xmu library into the executable.

        The patches you will need are as follows:

        Patch i.d.      Bug i.d.'s      O/S     Description
        ----------      -------------------------------------------------------
        100512-04       1086793 1086912         4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 libXt
                        1074766                 Jumbo patch

        100573-04       1087332                 4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 undefined
                                                symbols when using shared
                                                libXmu.

        Note: Always use the latest version of the above patch that you can
              find.

        To "statically" link your executable with libXmu modify the
        compile line as follows:

                  -Bstatic -lXmu -Bdynamic

49)     What is Solaris?

        Solaris consists of the following facilities:

                1) SunOS
                2) Openwindows
                3) Openwindows deskset tools
                4) ONC networking products and services(which includes NFS
                   and NIS)

        Solaris is not an operating system but a "complete" user
        environment.

        A chart of Solaris versions, and the corresponding SunOS, Open
        Windows, and DeskSet versions:

          Solaris         SunOS           Open Windows    DeskSet
          1.0             4.1.1           2.0             2.0
          1.0.1           4.1.2           2.0             2.0
          1.1             4.1.3           3.0             3.0
          1.1.1(a)        4.1.3_U1        3.0_U1*         3.0_U1*
          1.1.1(b)        4.1.3_U1_B      3.0_U1*         3.0_U1*

        Note: The "uname" output for 4.1.3_U1_B may only not contain
              the '_B' information.

          2.0             5.0             3.0.1           3.0.1
          2.1             5.1             3.1             3.1
          2.2             5.2             3.2             3.2
          2.3             5.3             3.3             3.3
          2.4             5.4             3.4             3.4

        *when patched with the patches on the 4.1.3_U1 CD.

        Last Updated: April  27, 1995.

50)     What does the "nres_gethostbyaddr !=" error mean?

        This message is generating by Sun's resolver libraries and
        it is caused by incorrectly configured Domain Name
        Server(the server that the resolver libraries are querying
        not necessarily the local Domain Name Server).

        The Domain Name Server probably lacks a reverse map entry for
        that particular host.

        Since this "bug" is closely associated with using ypserv,
        Sun has produced a patch to "ypserv" (bug #1039839).
        Sun supplied a patch 100141-01 to quiet it, but the
        patched version appears to die silently at random times,
        so Sun now has a new patch, 100141-02. Do not install this
        patch unless you are really getting a lot of these messages.

51)     How come my mouse only works in the vertical(or horizontal) direction,
        how do I repair it?

        Check the rotation of the PAD. Turn it 90 degrees and see if it
        works any better. The mouse will only work properly
        if the mouse pad is oriented properly. Make sure that the long
        side of the pad along the horizontal and the short side
        the vertical.

        Also, check to make sure that you have the right mouse pad. The
        newer the mouse the smaller the pad.

        Finally, if that does not work one of the LEDs on the under
        side of the mouse has probably "burnt" out.  Do not fooled
        by the fact that one of them is an infrared led (light that
        is invisable to naked eye) and the other visible.

        You can probably repair it yourself(if you can get a replacement
        LED and you know how to use a Soldering Iron) by following
        a set of directions available from ftp.ece.uc.edu. Get the
        file /pub/sun-faq/mouse.fix.

52)     After rebuilding the shared library libc it get some or all the
        following undefined symbols: dlsym, dlopen, dlclose, mbstowcs_xccs,
                        mbtowc_xccs,wcstombs_xccs, or wctomb_xccs.

        If you have just installed a new shared library under 4.1.2 or
        greater you need to modify the Makefile for the shared libraries
        and re-install. You will need to change the following line

                ld -assert pure-text `${OBJSORT} lorder-sparc tmp`
        to read
                ld -assert pure-text `${OBJSORT} lorder-sparc tmp` -ldl

        Note: You should change both such lines.

        Also, you may need to do a mv xccs.multibyte. xccs.multibyte.o
        to eliminate the  mbstowcs_xccs, mbtowc_xccs, wcstombs_xccs,
        or wctomb_xccs symbols errors.

        The above can occur under SunOS 4.1.1 if you have installed
        the "Linker Jumbo Patch"(Patch id# 100257-03 or greater).

53)     What does "No network locking on host" mean after upgrading to
        Solaris 2.0?

        Your SunOS 4.x(or above) machines are running an old version
        of rpc.lockd. You need to get and install patch number
        100075-11 or greater to correct this problem.

54)     Does Password Aging work with NIS(YP) ?

        Sun does not support password aging under NIS(OS version
        to 4.1.3). The rpc.yppasswdd needs to modified to make
        password aging work.

        Password aging will only work under SunOS 5.3(Solaris2.3)
        with NIS+.

55)     What does "rpc.lockd: Cannot contact status monitor!" mean?

        For some reason rpc.lockd can not talk to rpc.statd.

        Check to see if rpc.statd is running. If rpc.statd
        is not running re-start it. If rpc.statd is running,
        kill it and restart it. You will need to kill and restart
        rpc.lockd too.

        Use this procedure to restart rpc.lockd and rpc.statd.

                kill rpc.statd and rpc.lockd
                start rpc.statd
                wait a 10 seconds or so
                start rpc.lockd

        If this does not work kill rpc.statd and rpc.lockd
        remove /etc/sm /etc/sm.bak directories and re-start the
        daemons using the above procedure..

56)     How do I join the Sun User Group(SUG)?

        Here is the information on joining SUG.

                Sun User Group, Inc.
                1330 Beacon Street, Suite 315
                Brookline, MA 02146
                USA
                voice: +1 617 232-0514          fax: +1 617 232-1347
                off...@sug.org

        With your membership you get the following:

                *  Vendor Discounts
                *  Technical Conferences
                *  Software Distribution
                *  README Newsletter
                *  Annual Exhibits
                *  Local User Group Support
                *  Newsgroup comp.org.sug

57)     How do I increase the number of "pseudo" terminals(ptys) ?

        For SunOS4.1.x:

        To add more ptys you must install a new kernel.

        The default number of "ptys" is  48.  To get more "ptys"
        change the kernel config line "pseudo-device pty" to
        "pseudo-device pty#" where '#" is the number of "ptys"
        you want.

        Be warned the maximum number you can have is 256.

        You will need to run /dev/MAKEDEV pty[0-5] to create the
        /dev/ entries.

        For SunOS5.x:

        In /etc/system, add the line:

                set pt_cnt=nnn  -- nnn can have a value up to 3000.
        touch /reconfigure
        and reboot using 'init 6'.

        For BSD style ptys set npty in /etc/system to the desired
        value(ie set npty=64).  You may need to make the ptys by
        hand and you will need to make likes from /dev to /devices for
        these devices.  Finally, you will need to edit /etc/iu.ap to
        automatically push the appropriate streams compatibility modules
        onto the new devices. You need to replace the line reading
                "ptsl 0 15 ldterm ttcompat"
        with
                "ptsl 0 <NUM> ldterm ttcompat"
        where <NUM> was one less than the number of compatibility ptys you
        need.

58)     Where are dump and restore under Solaris 2.x?

        dump is now called /usr/sbin/ufsdump
        restore is now called /usr/sbin/ufsrestore

59)     How do I make the numeric keypad on a type 5 keyboard work with xterm?

        You need to patch the /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/XTerm and
        $OPENWINHOME/lib/app-defaults/XTerm files as described in sun
        patch 100713-01 or later.

60)     How do I swap the CAPS LOCK and CONTROL keys on a type 5 keyboard
        under Openwindows 3.0?

        Don't do it with xmodmap, since that won't change the locking
        behavior of CAPS LOCK. Edit $OPENWINHOME/etc/keytables/US5.kt.
        There are two places where keys 119 (CapsLock) and 76 (Control)
        should be swapped: the MODMAP section and the KEYSYMMAP section.
        The latter is most important, because that's where the
        "Pseudo-Lock" function (which controls the locking behaviour of
        the key) is defined.

61)     Which Sun models run which versions of SunOS?

        Sun-supported configurations:

        Sun2: SunOS 4.0.3 or earlier.
        Sun386i: SunOS 4.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.2 only.
        Sun3: SunOS 4.1.1_U1 or earlier.
        4/100, 4/200 series: SunOS 3.2, SunOS 4.0 or later.
        4/300 series: SunOS 4.0.3 or later.
        4/400 series: SunOS 4.1PSR_A or later.
        600 models 120, 140: SunOS 4.1.2 or later.
        600 model 41, 51: SunOS 4.1.3 or later.
        600 models 412, 512: Solaris 2.2 or later.
        600 model 514: Solaris 2.3 HW 8/94 or later.
        SPARCstation 1, 1+, SLC, IPC: SunOS 4.0.3 or later.
        SPARCstation 2, ELC, IPX: SunOS 4.1.1 or later.
        SPARCstation 10 models 20, 30, 40, 41, 51: SunOS 4.1.3 or later.
        SPARCstation 10 models 412, 512: Solaris 2.2 or later.
        SPARCstation 10 model 402: Solaris 2.2 or later.
        SPARCstation 10 model 514: Solaris 2.3 Hardware 8/94 or later.
        SPARCstation 20 models 50, 51, 61: SunOS 4.1.3_U1 revision B or later.
        SPARCstation 20 models 502, 514,612: Solaris 2.3 Hardware 8/94 or later.
        SPARCclassic, SPARCstation LX: SunOS 4.1.3C or later.
        SPARCstation Voyager: Solaris 2.3 HW 8/94 or later.
        SPARCstation 5: Solaris 1.1.1 Rev B or later.
        SPARCstation 20 model 71: Solaris 1.1.2 and Solaris 2.4 HW 11/94 or
                        later.
        SPARCstation 20 model HS11: Solaris 1.1.2 and Solaris 2.4 HW 11/94 or
                        later
        SPARCstation 20 model 712: Solaris 2.3 HW 8/94 or later.
        SPARCstation 4: Solaris 1.1.2 and Solaris 2.4 HW 11/94 or later
        SPARCserver 1000 and SPARCcenter 2000 : Solaris 2.2 or later and
                 should really use at least 2.3.

        Some notes:

        Sun4 machines (4/1xx, 4/2xx, 4/3xx, and 4/4xx) will not be supported
        after Solaris2.4.

        The audio device on the SS5/SS20 has does not work under Solaris 1.1.1b
        without installing the ms2 patch found on the 1.1.1B CDROM or get
        the current Audio Patch from Sun. You will need patches to get the
        Audio to work properly under Solaris2.3 as well.

        Also, the SX Graphics card is only supported under Solaris2.3 HW 8/94
        or later. The Card will not run work under SunOS 4.1.x and unless
        some one other than Sun writes a driver it will never work.

        If you are running Solaris 1.x and newer versions of the SuperSPARC CPU
        (rev 3.5 and higher) require Solaris 1.1.1B.  See question 79 for
        the procedure used for determining SuperSPARC revision.

        When installing any compatable version of SunOS 4.1.x on any
        of the following: SPARCstation 5, LX, Classic, or SPARC 20 you
        must buy a RTU because these machines came with RTU's for
        Solaris2.x only.

        SunOS 4.1.3 has been reported to run on the SPARCstation 10 model
        412/512 and the 600 model 412/512, but this configuration is not
        supported by Sun. Anyone who tries this is on their own.  The
        (unofficial) word from inside Sun about whether or not it actually
        works is as follows:

                Little testing of the SuperSPARC MP configurations under 4.1.3
                have been done by Sun.  What little was done showed that under
                heavy loads the system was prone to crash (What it really did
                was hang, so badly that even an L1-A would not work).
                ...
                We suspect, but do not know, that as the SuperSPARC chips get
                faster that the problems will manifest themselves more quickly.

        Solaris 2.0 runs only on SS1,1+,2,SLC,IPC,ELC,IPX.

        Solaris 2.1 and later runs on all Sun4s and SPARCstations, but the
        FPU's on the 4/100 and 4/200 series machines are disabled and will
        be under all versions of Solaris2.x.

        Not all peripherals supported under SunOS 4.x are supported under SunOS
        5.x. Check with Sun or the peripheral manufacturer. Most of the
        the non-supported cards under SunOS 5.x are VME or Multi Bus based.

        Explanatory note:

        In general, Solaris = SunOS + OpenWindows.

        Solaris 1.0     = SunOS 4.1.1    + OpenWindows 2.0
        Solaris 1.0.1   = SunOS 4.1.2    + OpenWindows 2.0
        Solaris 1.1     = SunOS 4.1.3    + OpenWindows 3.0
        Solaris 1.1.1   = SunOS 4.1.3_U1 + OpenWindows 3.0_U1
        Solaris 1.1.2   = SunOS 4.1.4    + OpenWindows 3.414    
        Solaris 2.0     = SunOS 5.0      + OpenWindows 3.0.1
        Solaris 2.1     = SunOS 5.1      + OpenWindows 3.1
        Solaris 2.2     = SunOS 5.2      + OpenWindows 3.2
        Solaris 2.3     = SunOS 5.3      + OpenWindows 3.3
        Solaris 2.4     = SunOS 5.4      + OpenWindows 3.4

        Open Windows versions before 3.3 used the X11/NeWS server
        all versions since use a MIT style server with Display
        Postscript Extensions.

        Last Updated: March  3, 1995.

62)     My rdump is failing with a "Protocol botched" message. What do I do?

        The problem produces output like the following:

          DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Wed Jan  6 08:50:01 1993
          DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch
          DUMP: Dumping /dev/rsd0a (/) to /dev/nrst8 on host foo
          DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
          DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
          DUMP: estimated 8232 blocks (4.02MB) on 0.00 tape(s).
          DUMP: Protocol to remote tape server botched (in rmtgets).
         rdump: Lost connection to remote host.
          DUMP: Bad return code from dump: 1

        This occurs when something in .cshrc on the remote machine prints
        something to stdout or stderr (eg. stty, echo). The rdump command
        doesn't expect this, and chokes. Other commands which use the rsh
        protocol (eg. rdist, rtar) may also be affected.

        The way to get around this is to add the following line near the
        beginning of .cshrc, before any command that might send something
        to stdout or stderr:

        if ( ! $?prompt ) exit

        This causes .cshrc to exit when prompt isn't set, which
        distinguishes between remote commands (eg. rdump, rsh) where these
        variables are not set, and interactive sessions (eg. rlogin) where
        they are.

63)     Table of Solaris2.x commands and their Solaris1.x equivalents?

                SunOS 4.x          SunOS 5.x            
                Command            Equivalent              

                add_services       pkgadd                      
                arch               uname -m                  
                                   Note: This returns the kernel architecture.
                bar                Not available. Use  
                                   cpio -H bar to retrieve
                                   4.x archives.

                biff -y            chmod o+x /dev/tty
                biff -n            chmod o-x /dev/tty
                cc                 Not available
                dbxtool            debugger
                devinfo            prtconf
                df                 df -k
                dkctl              Not available
                dkinfo             prtvtoc
                du                 du -k
                dump               /usr/sbin/ufsdump
                dumpfs             Not available
                etherfind          snoop
                exportfs           share
                extract_files      Not available
                extract_patch      Not available
                extract_unbundled  pkgadd
                fastboot           reboot or init 6
                fasthalt           init O
                hostid             sysdef -h
                hostname           uname -n
                intr               Not available
                leave              Use cron and at
                lint               Not available
                load               pkgadd
                loadc              pkgadd
                load_package       Not available
                lpc                lpadmin
                lpd                lpsched
                lpq                lpstat
                lpr                lp
                lprm               cancel
                lptest             Not available
                mach               uname  -p
                modstat            modinfo
                mount              mount  -F <fstype> [options]
                mount -a           mountall
                mount_tfs          mount  -F <fstype>
                pax                cpio
                paxcpio            cpio
                portmap            rpcbind
                printenv           env
                ps -a              ps -e
                ps -aux            ps -el
                Note: when ps is  invoked without the "-f" flag, the SV
                     "ps" prints  only the first N characters of the name
                     of the program being run. You have to pass the "-f"
                     flag to get the full command line. For example, try
                     ps -fe.

                pstat              sar
                pstat -s           swap -s
                rdump              /usr/sbin/ufsdump
                restore            /usr/sbin/ufsrestore
                rm_client          admintool
                rm_services        Not available
                rpc.etherd         Not available
                rpc.lockd          /usr/lib/nfs/lockd        
                rpc.mountd         /usr/lib/nfs/mountd        
                rpc.rexd           /usr/sbin/rpc.rexd
                rpc.rquotad        /usr/sbin/rpc.rquotad
                rpc.showfhd        Not available
                rpc.statd          /usr/lib/nfs/statd        
                rpc.user_agentd    Not available
                rpc.yppasswdd      Not available
                rpc.ypupdated      ypupdated    
                rrestore           /usr/sbin/ufsrestore    
                rusage             Not available
                trace              truss
                showmount          dfmounts
                swapon             swap -a        
                sys-config         admintool
                umount -a          umountall      
                umount_tfs         umount -F <fstype>
                unload             pkgrm
                update             fsflush
                uptime             who -b
                users              who -q
                vipw               Not available
                wall               /usr/sbin/wall
                whereis            Not available
                whoami             id
                ypbatchupd         Not available
                yppasswd           Use nispasswd for NIS+
                ypserv             Not available

        Notes:  A NIS server is no longer available under Solaris2.x
                without purchasing the NSKIT from Sun.

                Under Solaris 2.x look in the /usr/sbin and /usr/lib/nfs
                for useful programs and commands. Finally, some of
                missing commands are in the BSD Compatibility package.

64)     How do I setup DNS on Solaris2.x?

        The "Setting up DNS clients" chapter of that manual is egregiously
        out of date.  Yes, there's a bug filed against it.  
        The correct procedure is the following:

        Create a /etc/resolv.conf file.

        Change /etc/nsswitch.conf;  it's probably easiest
        to start with the sample file "/etc/nsswitch.files" and change
        the entry for "hosts" to the following:

                                hosts: files dns

        Processes that have already read /etc/nsswitch.conf won't see your
        changes until they're restarted.  If you care, the crude but effective
        approach is to reboot.

65)     Can a SPARCclassic or LX run SunOS 4.1.3?

        No it won't run 4.1.3. However, Sun will provide you with
        a copy Solaris1.1C(4.1.3C) which will allow you to run
        "4.1.3" on a LX or Classic. These machines can also run
        4.1.3_U1 and 4.1.4. See Question 61 for more details.

        The cost is around $125 for the media and $100 for the RTU
        license.

        Users of 4.1.3C should get the DBRI patch if you don't have a
        speaker box!

66)     I just restored my root partation and now I cannot boot.
        What is wrong?

        You probably need to run installboot.  Under Solaris 1, boot
        from cdrom, boot the miniroot, mount the root filesystem on
        /mnt, and reinstall the boot block:

            cd /usr/kvm/mdec    # note - miniroot's usr, not sd0's
            installboot -vlt /mnt/boot bootsd /dev/rsd0a

        For Solaris 2, the equivalent command, which may also live
        outside the miniroot, would be:

            /usr/sbin/installboot /usr/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk \
            /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0

        Under Solaris 1, if only your /vmunix is bad, you may not need
        to restore anything from tape.  Before running installboot:

            cp /mnt/usr/kvm/sys/<arch>/<kernel>/vmunix /mnt/vmunix

67)     How do I disable/enable packet forwarding?

        For 4.1.x:
        Pick one of the following methods:

        adb -k -w /vmunix /dev/mem
        ip_forwarding?
        _ip_forwarding:
        _ip_forwarding: 0               = unimp         0x0

        ip_forwarding/w -1      <- changes in running kernel only!
        ip_forwarding?w -1      <- changes running kernel and disk image

        or

        In your kernel configuration file, insert the following line:

        options "IPFORWARDING=-1"

        Note: The above example disables packet forwarding.

        Here is a list of IP forwarding options
        (from /usr/kvm/sys/netinet/in_proto.c)
                ip_forwarding = -1  -- never forward; never change this value.
                ip_forwarding =  0  -- don't forward; set this value to 1
                                       when two interfaces are up.
                ip_forwarding =  1  -- always forward.

        For Solaris2.3:

        To disable ip_forwarding:

                 % ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 0

        To enable ip_forwarding:

                 % ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 1

        To reset it back to defaults:

                 % ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 2

68)     How do I disable the printing of banners pages?

        Under SunOS 4.x you need to do the following:

                Put :sh: in the /etc/printcap entry
                for that printer.

        For SPARCprinters you will need to edit the .param for that
        printer. Under SunOS4.x you this file is located in the spool
        directory for that particular printer. Under SunOS5.x
        it is located under /etc/lp/printers/PRINTERNAME.
        Change the line BANNERPS=${DEFBANNER}; export BANNERPS
                        to
                        BANNERPS=; export BANNERPS

        Also, you may want to turn off Job Log printing. You can do
        this by changing the line PRINTJOBLOG=yes; export PRINTJOBLOG
                        to
                                  PRINTJOBLOG=no; export PRINTJOBLOG

        If you want to disable the banner pages permanently you
        will need to perform the following steps:

        1. cd /usr/lib/lp/model
        2. cp standard standard-nobanner
        3. Use your favorite editor to edit standard-nobanner.
           Change line 332 from:
                nobanner="no"
           to:
                nobanner="yes"
        4. lpadmin -p PRINTERNAME -m standard-nobanner

        For a large network you can make this easier by copying a
        custom interface script at install time and doing the appropriate
        lpadmin command.

69)     How do I change my hostname?

        Under SunOS 4.x you need to do the following:

                Edit you /etc/hosts file and change your
                local hostname. To avoid problems during
                the transition you may want to add this
                as an hostname alias.

                If you are running NIS you should change the
                /etc/hosts file on the master too.

                Change the hostname in /etc/hostname.xxx.
                Where xxx is the interface you want to change
                the address on.

        Under SunOS 5.x you need to the above plus
        change /etc/nodename, and the entries in /etc/net/*/hosts

        Both OS's also support the sys-unconfig program which can
        be used indirectly to change your hostname and any number
        of other things. This program is over kill if all you want
        to do is change your hostname. See the manpage for more details.

70)     Table of Solaris2.x files and their Solaris1.x equivalents?

        SunOS 4.x file          SunOS 5.x file
        /etc/fstab              /etc/vfstab
        /etc/exports            /etc/dfs/dfstab
        /etc/printcap           None
        /etc/fbtab              /etc/logindevperm   -- available in SunOS 5.3
        /etc/rc.local           /etc/rc3.d/S99local -- See note 1.

        Note 1:  Here is a template file for /etc/rc3.d/S99local.

        #!/bin/sh

        state=$1
        case $state in

        # Any applications or daemons you want to start.
        'start')
                echo "starting local apps"
                ;;
        # Any applications or daemons that need to be shutdown gracefully.
        'stop')
                echo "Stopping local apps"
                ;;
        esac

        You may need to put the "kill" script in /etc/rc2.d/K99local but it
        is not really required.

71)     Where can I get the BSD print spooler for Solaris2.x?    

        You can try LPLITE from Sun it is available from the following
        location:

        http://www.sun.com/cgi-bin/show?smcc/solaris-migration/tools/lplite

        You can get the 4.3BSD-reno lpr system from the following site:

                ftp.nus.sg:/pub/NUS/ISCS/misc/lpr-sol2-p4.tar.gz

        Or another port from

                ftp.eng.auburn.edu:/pub/doug/lpr-sol2-p5.02.tar.gz

        Version's of this distribution prior to 5.0.2 have a security
        hole. Please upgrade to this version ASAP.

        Or get  PLP from

                ftp://ftp.iona.ie/pub/plp               (main site, but slooow)
                ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/pub/utils/plp
                ftp://ftp.beckman.uiuc.edu/pub/plp
                ftp://ftp.zod.wau.nl/pub/mirror/plp
                ftp://ftp.lps.ens.fr/pub/software/plp

        PLP has vastly enhanced features, like paths for printcaps, NIS and
        Hesiod support, configurable permissons for printers, ability to
        move jobs between printers and compiles out of the box on HPUX,
        Solaris, and SunOS. Version 4 of PLP has elminated a large
        number of security holes in the LPD protocol. To subscribe
        to the PLP mailing list send mail to majord...@iona.ie with
        subscribe plp
        as the message body.

        Last Updated:  Sept 18 , 1995.

72)     Where is the Solaris2.x screenblank?

        You have three choices:

        Run XDM on the console and use the X servers builtin screenblank.

        Or you can run the 4.1.x screenblank in compatabilty mode.

        Or you can compile you own screenblank from sources available from

           ftp://ftp.ece.uc.edu/pub/sun-faq/Source/screenblank_27dec94.tar.Z

        You can always get the current screenblank from

           ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/  or  ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/je/jef/

        Last Updated:  Sept 18, 1995.

73)     Is there a command to display the configuration of
        currently attached SCSI devices?

        Get scsiinfo from
                ftp://ftp.ece.uc.edu/pub/sun-faq/Source/scsiinfo-4.1.shar.gz

        Or

        Get scsiping from
                ftp://ftp.ece.uc.edu/pub/sun-faq/Source/scsiping-2.0.shar.gz

        These commands are copied periodically from
                ftp://ftp.cdf.toronto.edu/pub/

        These commands work under both SunOS 4.x and Solaris2.x.

        Last Updated:  Sept 18, 1995.

74)     My printer will not print large files(over 1-megabyte), I
        keep getting "file to big" errors. What do I do?

        Put the following line in your /etc/printcap file
        for the printer that has the problem.

        :mx#0:

        This basically allows for unlimited sizes of print jobs.
        Of course you are still limited by your amount of
        spool space.

        If you do not have access to /etc/printcap you can
        use the -s switch to lpr to use a "symlink" of the    
        file instead of copying the "real" file to the spool
        directory.

75)     I keep getting "data corruption" when using NFS over a wan,
        or slip/ppp link. What do I do?  or
        Does anybody know how to enable UDP checksum on NFS?

        The usually cause for this(at least for SunOS4.x) is not
        having udp checksumming turned on.

        You can turn it at boot and while the machine is running
        by using the following adb script:

        #!/bin/sh
        adb -w -k /vmunix /dev/mem << EOF
        udp_cksum?W1
        udp_cksum/W1
        EOF

        Install or call this script from rc.local.

        Or edit /usr/kvm/sys/netinet/in_proto.c and change the
        udp_cksum line (near the end from  udp_cksum = 0 to udp_cksum =1
        and reconfigure your kernel and reboot)

        For Solaris2.3:

        udp checksumming is turned on by default under SunOS5.x.

        If you want to verify the value use the following:

                ndd /dev/udp udp_do_checksum

        See ndd (1M) and ip (7) manual pages for more details.

76)     Does anybody know how to enable UDP checksum on NFS?

        See the answer to question 75.

77)     Is there a mailing list for Wabi?

        No. Currently, Sun has the following E-mail addresses that
        you can get information about Wabi and the Windows
        Apps that Wabi supports. These addresses are as follows:

        For Wabi version 1:
                wabi1.0-questi...@east.sun.com    - FAQ List
                wabi1.0-a...@east.sun.com - Supported Applications list
        For Wabi version 2:
                wabi2.0-questi...@east.sun.com    - FAQ List
                wabi2.0-a...@East.Sun.COM - Supported Applications list

78)     Are there any public domain Multi-Vendor backup management
        systems?

        There are at least two such programs which are as follows:

        Amanda from the University of Maryland which is written in
        C and built on top of standard UNIX backup software
        such as dump/restore. The current source is available from
        ftp.cs.umd.edu in the /pub/amanda directory.

        OSU Backup from Ohio State University which is written in perl
        and built on top of standard UNIX backup software such as
        dump/restore, cpio, and GNU tar. It has the ability to backup
        some database systems(like ORACLE). Finally, it is evolving to
        support the backup of PCs via a proxy service. The current
        source is available from ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu in /pub/backup.

79)     How to determine the revision of SuperSPARC processor.

        There are 2 methods to identify SuperSPARC revision - by physical
        inspection and by using the system PROM.

        To determine SuperSPARC revision by physical inspection:

        - Open system chassis (as needed)
        - Locate the SuperSPARC processor on the CPU module. The processor
          has a heat sink mounted on its top surface.  The heat sink
          may be round or of "pin fin" design.  On modules with
          External cache, the processor is the farthest from mbus
          connector.
        - 4 lines of alpha-numeric text are written on the top
          right corner of the processor. The second line contains the

         processor revision.  The format is
                alpha character, 2 revision digits, 8 other alpha/digits
          Examples of processor revisions are:
                H283915478C             H313020233C             H3503027203
                 ^^                      ^^                      ^^
                 ||                      ||                      ||
                Indicates a 2.8, 3.1, and 3.5 SuperSPARC revisions respectively

        To determine SuperSPARC revision using the system PROM:

        - On a powered on system, in single user mode, press
                'L1'  and 'A'
          keys simultaneously.  On some keyboards the keycaps will be labeled
                'Stop' and 'A'

        - On your monitor the following will be displayed
                Type 'go' to resume
                ok
        - Type
                .psr <Return>
          Your monitor will display a line of data.  Look for VER and
          IMPL fields and note their values.

        - Type
                .mcr <Return>
          Your monitor will display a line of data.  Look for VER and
          IMPL fields and note their values.

        - Type
                go <Return>
        - You now may continue to use your system normally.

        - Using the PSR and MCR IMPL/VER values you noted above,
          match them with the values in the table below to identify
          the SuperSPARC revision.  Future processors will have
          values different than those in the table.

                | SuperSPARC    (2.x)   |(3.0,1,2,3) |   (3.5)    |
                +-----------+-----------+------------+------------+
                | PSR VER   |       1   |        0   |         0  |        
                | PSR IMPL  |       4   |        4   |         4  |
                | MCR VER   |       0   |        1   |         4  |        
                | MCR IMPL  |       0   |        0   |         0  |  

80)     How do I install SunOS4.1.x by hand(off a CD)?

        Installing SunOS-4.1.X from mounted cdrom:

        Note, these commands are examples; filenames may need
...

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